ASME B30.9-2014

S1¡ngs Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, facks, and Slings

AI{ AMERICAl{ lIATIOI{AL STAl{DARD

Copyright O 2015 bj'the Amcricar¡ Society ofMechanica¡ Enginecrs. No renroduclion mav be made ofthis material lvithout written consenl ol'AsMll.

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Copyright O 2015 by thc Amcrican Socicly ofMcchanioal Engincers. No reD.oduclion mav be made ofthis material withoul writlen consent olASME.

St¡ngs Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks,facks, and Slings

AI{ AMERICAI{ ¡{ATIOI{At STAI{DARD

Copyrighl O 2015 by lhc A¡ncrican Socicty ol Mech¿nic l Ilnliinocrs. No reproducti(nl n¡ay bc ¡ladc oIlhis n]atcrial rvithout lyrittc¡r conscnt ofASME.

0ate of lssuance: February 6, 2015

The next edition of th¡s Standard is scheduled for publication in 2017. This Standard w¡ll become effective 1 year after the Date of lssuance.

to inquiries concerning ¡nterpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http://cstools.asme,org/ as they are issued. Interpretations will also be ¡ncluded with each ed¡t¡on.

ASME ¡ssues written replies

to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages to prov¡de corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typograph¡cal or grammatical errors in codes and standards. such errata shall be used on the date posted. Errata

The Comm¡ttee Pages can be found at http://cstools.asme.org/. There is an option ava¡lable to automatically rece¡ve an e-ma¡l notificat¡on when errata are posted to a particular code or standard. This option can be found on the appropr¡ate Committee Page after selecting "Errata" in the "Publicat¡on Information" section.

ASIIE ¡s the regislered trademark of The Ameícan Soc¡ety of Mechan¡cal Engineers. This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for Amer¡can National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or stand¿rd was balanced to assure that ¡ndividuals from competent and concerned ¡nterests have had an opportunity to párt¡cipate. fhe proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportun¡ty for additional public ¡nput fíom industry, academia,

regulatory agercies, and the public.at.large. ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary devlce, or activ¡ty, ASME does not take any pos¡tion with respect to the val¡dity of any patent rights assened in connection with any items ment¡oned in this document, and does not undedake to insure anyone !til¡zing a standard aga¡nst liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liabil¡ty. Users of a code or standard are expfessly advised that determination of the validity of ¿ny such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, ¡s ent¡rely their own responsibility. Panicipation by federal agency representative(s) or pelson(s) afflliated with indlstry is not to be ¡nterpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standatd. AslvlE accepts responsibility foronlythose interpretat¡ons ofthis document issued in accordancewith the established ASfME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretat¡ons by iñdividuals.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in ¿n electroric refieval system o'othe,wise, wilhout the prior written perm¡ss¡on of the publisher.

The American Socicty of fVc(haniral Inginee's lwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

3

Copyright @ 2015 by THE AMERICAN sOCIEry OF IIIECHANICAL EN6INEERS

All rights reserved Prlnted ¡n U.5.4.

Copyrigbt O 20t5 by lhe American Society ofMechanical Dngineers. No reDroduction mav be made oflhis matcrial wilhout writen conscnl ofASME. E

ó

CONTENTS

Foreword . . Committee Roste¡

viii

830 Standard Introduction . . . ..

.

xiii

Summary of Changes Chapter 9-0 Section Section Section Section Section

9-0.1

9-0.2 9-0.3 9-0.4 9-0.5

Chapter 9-1 Section 9-1.0

Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section

9-1.1

9-1.2 9-1.3 9-1.4 9-1.5 9-1.6 9-1.7 9-1.8 9-1.9 9-1.10

Chapter 9-2 S€ction 9-2.0 Section 9-2.1 Section 9-2.2 Section 9-2-3 Section 9-2.4 Section 9-2.5 Section 9-2.6 Section 9-2.7 Section 9-2.8 Section 9-2.9 Section 9-2.10 Chapter 9-3 Section 9-3.0

Section Section Section Section Section Section Section S€ction S€ction

9-3.1

9-3.2 9-3.3 9-3.4 9-3.5 9-3.ó 9-3.7 9-3.8 9-3.9 Section 9-3.10

scope, flefinitions, Personnel Competence, Translat¡ons, and References Scope of ASME 830.9

..............

Definitions Personnel Competence

................

Translations References

Altoy Steet chain S[ngs¡ Selectlon, Use, and ,tialntenance

Scope

......

............

rrainin8..........................::.:..:....:::::::.:::.:.::.::..:::. Components Fabrication and Configurations Design Factor Rated Load Proof Test Requirements

Sling ldentification Effects of Envi¡onment ................ Inspection, Removal, and Repair ............ Ope¡ating Practices .......... Wlre Rope Sllngsr Selectlon, Use, and Malntenance

Scope ............ Training ..........

7 9 ......

.

11

1l 11

ComDonents Fabrñation and Configurations Design Factor Rated Load

11

11 11 13

Proof Test Requirements

13

slinr ldentirication Effects of Environment

14 14

................ :... :.. :... : :. :... :. :... :.. :.... ................ Inspection, Removal, and Repair ............ Operating Practices .......... Metat Mesh Sl¡ngs¡ Select¡on, Use, and Ma¡ntenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Scope -........... Training ..........

18 18 18

Components Fabrication and Configurations Design Factor Rated toad Proof Test Requirements

Sling ldentification Effects of Environment

74 15

................

18

l8 l8 18 18

l8 20 20 21

lll

Copyrighl O 2015 by lhc American Sociely ofMechanical llngineers. No reDroduction mav bc madc oflh¡s malcrial without wrilicn conscnt ofASME.

E

*

SFthetic Rope sl¡ngs: Setection, Use, and ftla¡ntenance Scope ............ Training ..........

Chapter 9-4 Section 94.0

Section 9-4.1 Section 9-4.2 Section 94.3

...............

-.

22 22 23 23 23 24

94.9

Componenls Fabric¿tion and ConfiSurations Design Factor Rated Load ProoI Test Requiremcnts SlinB ldent¡fication Effects of Envi¡onment ............. Inspection, Removal, dnd Repair ............

9-4.10

nhér:+iño Prá.ri¡oc

9-5 9-5.0

Synthet¡c Webb¡ng Slingsr Setection, Use, and Ma¡ntenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-5.1

Training ..

30

Components F.rbricdtion and Conf igurations Design F¿ctor Rated Lo¿d Proof Test Requirements

30 30

Section Section Section Section Section Section Section

9-4.4

Chapter Section Section Section Section Section Section Section

9-4.5

9-4.6 9-4.7 9-4.8

Section

27

kope ............

9-5.2 9-5.3 9-5.4 9-5.5 9-5.6 Section 9-5.7 Section 9-5.8 Section 9-5.9 Section 9-5.10 Chapter Section Section Section Section Section

26

26

30 30 30 33

Sli¡g Identification

Effects of Environment ................ I¡spection, Removal, and Repair ............

Operating Practices

Scope ............ Training ..........

9-6.1

9-6.2 9-6,3 9-6.4 9-6.5 9-6.6 9-6.7 9-6.8 9-6.9

Section Section Section Section Section 9-6.10 Figur€s

33

..........

Polyester Roundslings: Selection, Use, and Ma¡ntenance

9-6 9-6.0

34

....... -.........

Components Fabrication and Configu¡ations Design Factor Rated Load Proof Test Requirements Sling ldentification Effects of Environment ................ Inspection, Removal, and Repair ............ OñFr¡tina Pr¡.ti.cs

36 38

...... ....... ..

Steel Chain Slings: Configurations, Components, and Hitches .... Angle of Loading Wire Rope Sling Wire Rope Minimum Sling Length . ... ... ..... ..........:..........:....... Minimum Braided Sling Length ..... Argle of Loading Cable-Laid Wire Rope Sling ........ D/d Ratio: Wjre Rope Slings .. ........... Metal Mesh Sling Angle of Loading Angle of Choke: Metal Mesh Slt"gt ................................... Synthetic Fiber Rope Slings Hitch Types for Synthetic Rope Slings Angle of l¡ading D/d Ratio: Synthetic Rope Slints ................

9-1..5-1.

9-2.0-1 9-2.0-2 9-2.3.2-1.

9-2.3.2-2 9-2.5-1 9-2.9.5-1. 9-2.1.0.1-1.

9-3.0-1 9-3.5-1 9-3.10.1-1

94.0-L 94.5-1 94.5:2 9-4.10.1-1 9-5.0-1

Synthetic Webbing Slings .............. Synthetic Webbing Sling Nomenclature

9-5.0-2

Copyrighr O 2015 by rhe No

be ¡rade

36 36 36 36 36 36 36

Alloy

9-1.0-1

30

30

Sociery ofMechanical Engineers. ^mcrican ol lh¡s malerial wilhout written cons€nt ofASME.

38 38 39

6

7 1.2

12

12 13 15 16 1.9

20 21.

6

26 29 31

'E

9-5.t1

Angle of Loading

9-6.G1

Folyester Roundslint

9{.5-1

Angle of l,oadint

Tables 9-1.8.1-1

lypes . .... . .. . ...

Effect of Elevated Temperature on Rated Load of Alloy Steel Chain Minimum Allowable Thickness at Any Point on a Link Bask€t Sling Hitch Rated Capacity Affected by D/d . . . . . .. . ..

9-1.9.5-1, 9-1.10.1-1 9-2.LO.1,-l

Angle of Choke: Wire Rope Slings Fabric Constructionr Metal Mesh Slings Angle of Choke: Synthetic Rope Slings ................ Angle of Choke: Synthetic Webbing Slings .............. Angle of Choke: Polyester Roundslings .................

9-3.2.1,-l 9-4.10.1-1 9-5.10.1-1 9-6.10.1-1

No

32 37 38

.

Copyright O 2015 by thc Amcrican Soci€ty ofMachúric¿l Engincers. b€ madc ofthis msteri¡l without writt€d cons€nt ofASME.

....

8 9 9 16 19

28 35

40

ó

IOREWORD

This American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards for Cranes, prepared by the ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was pres€nted to the annual meeting of the ASME. Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranet derricks, and hoists were held from 1920 to 1925 involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of lron and Steel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safet, the American Engineering Standards

Committee (AESC) [ater changed to American Standa¡ds Association (ASA), then to the USA Standards Institute (USASI), and finally to ANSII, Department of Labor - State of State of Pennsylvania, a¡d the Locomotive New Jerset Department of Labor and Industry

-

Crane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, the AESC approved the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committeet ¡ecommendation and authorized the proiect with the U.S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors. In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 or8anizations to appoint ¡epresentatives to a

Sectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2, 1926, and the committee organized on November 4, 1926, with 57 membe¡s repres€nting 29 national organizations. Commencing June 1,1927, and using the eight-page code published by ASME in 1916 as a basis, the Sectional Committee developed the "Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists." The early drafts of this safety code included requirements for jacks, but due to inputs and comments on those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to make the requirements for jacks a separate code. In January 1943, ASA 830.2-1943 was published addressint a multitude of equipment types and in August 1943, ASA 830.1-1943 was published just addressing jacks. Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safety standards. Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industry in safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yards

and Docks (now the Naval Facilities Engineering Command) was reorganized on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national ortanizations. The new committee changed the format of ASA 8,30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equiPment tyPes it addressed could be published in separate volumes that could completely cover the construction, installation, inspection, testin& maintenance, and operation of each type of equipment that was included in the scope of ASA 830.2. This format change resulted in the initial publication of 830.3, 830.5, 830.6, 830.11, and 830.16 being designated as r€visions of 830.2 with the remainder of the 830 volumes being published as totally new volumes. ASA changed its name to USASI in 196ó and to ANSI in 1969, which resulted in 830 volumes f¡om 1943 to 1968 being desitnated as ASA 830, USAS 830, or ANSI 830, depending on their date of publication. In 1982, the Committee was reortanized as an Accredited Organization Committee, oPeratin8 under procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliancewith both types may be required by employers of their employees. ln cas€ of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administ¡ative or regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or Permit the use of other devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree of protection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard, administrative or retulatoly authorities are urged to consult the 830 Committee, in accordance with the format described in Section lX of the Introduction, before rendering decisions on disputed DOrnts.

CopyriSht No

O

2015 by lhe America Sociely ofMcchanical Enginccrs. may bc made ofthis matcrial rvithout writen co¡sent ofASML.

E

Safety codes and standards arc intended to enhance public safety. Revisions r€sult from committedmolotical advancEs, new data, and changing environmental and industry ne€ds. Revisions do not i¡nply that previous editions werc inadequate. The first edition of ASME 830.9 was issued in 1971; new editions were published in 1984, 1990, L996, m03,2m,6, and 2010. This 2014 edition contains extensive revisions including the use of ¡!\e term load hondling to recotnize that the load could be moving vertically or horizontall, and rcmoval of the rated load tables. In addition, this edition addresses personnel comDetence and tee consideration of factors such as

hanslations. This edition of the 830.9 Volume was approved by the B!10 Committee and by ASME, and was approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on S€ptemb€r 30, 2014.

vl

vt¡ Copyright O 2015 by th€ American Society ofMechanical Enginecrs. No

b€ made

ofthis material without written con$ent ofASME.

;

ASME B3O COMM¡TTEE Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, facks, and Slings 0he following is the roster of the Comrn¡ttee at the tiñe of approval of th¡s Standard.)

STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS L. D, lrte¡n5. Cl,o/¡ R. l¡1. ParnelL Yi.¿ Clroi¡ K A. Hyam, Seuetary

STAI{DARD5 COMM|ÍTEE PER5O]{]{EL . L Andreq ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LtC C. m. Roblson, ¡lÍ€¡note, Uf Eattelle / oak R¡dge Nat¡on¿l Laboralory G, Aurtln, Terex Corp. T. L. 8ta¡ton, NACB Group, Inc. R, O, Ohman, ,4laern¿te, Verde Concept, lnc. P. A. Boe(kmen, fhe Crosby Group, Inc. C.E. Lu.zs, Altenote,ll\e Crosby Group, Inc. R. J. 8olen, Consultant

L Collo¡,

Alternote, Nalv Crane Center M. E. Brund, Manitowoc Cranes/The Manitowoc Crane Group A. L. calla, Altenote, Manitowoc Crane Group 8. Closson, Craft Forensic seN¡ce B. A. Plckett, A/terrole, Forensic Eng¡neeíng & Applied Science lnst¡tute R. lU. Cutshall. Savann¿h R¡ver Nuclear Sohrtions R. T. golton, A/terrote, Savannah R¡ver Nuclear Solutions J. A. Dan¡elson, The Boeing Co. P. W.&oyd, Allenote,-lhe Boe¡ng Co. L. o. Demark, Sr,, Equipmcnt lrain¡ng Solut¡ons, LLC D. [. Jordan, /4/¡ernote, BP Amefica 0. Eckst¡ne, Eckst¡ne & Assoc¡ates H. G. Lldlch, Alterrote, Leidich Consult¡ng Serv¡ces, Inc. n. l. Edwerds, NE|S A. l. Egg¡ng, National O¡lwell Varco R, Stanoch. ¡lt¿¡rdle, consultant. Nat¡onal Oilwe¡l Varao E. 0. f¡dler. The Manitowoc Co.. Inc. C.

G. D.

fi¡ller, Altenote,

Cranes

A

G¡lbert, Assoc¡¿ted^¡anitowoc W¡re Rope Fabricators l. L. Gordon, Acco Chain & Lift¡ng Ploducts I{. C. HarSteaves, Consultant, ferex Hargre¿ves Consult¡ng, LLC C. ¿ lmeman, ,4llernole, Llnk-Belt Construct¡on Equipment Co. G. B. Hetherston, E. L DuPont J. B. Greenwood, Alternole, Navy Cr¿ne Center K. M. Hyam, fhe American Society of Mechan¡c¿l Engineers 0. C. ,¡ckson, fuls¿ W¡nch Group S. D, Wood,,4llenote, [¡nk-8elt Construct¡on Equ¡pment Co.

l.

l/1.

ll. J¡fh€¡m€.,

Navy Crane Center

S. R. Gr¡dley, A¡ier¡,¿fe, N¿vy Crane Center P. R. ,uhren, Morow Equipment Co., LLC

t¡i, J. Qulnn, A/tendte, Morow Equ¡pment Co., LLC . Kohner, Landmark Engineering Service D. Dúerr, Alternote,2DM Assoc¡ates, Inc. A. l. Lus¡, Jr., Luma|k Consulting LLP E. K ,á¡rburg, Columbus McKinnon Corp. )- 9. gwker, Alternate, Columbus McXinnon Corp. [. D. Means, Means Engineering & Consult¡ng D. A" llenn¡rger, A/ferrotg, Bridon American W. [llb, Liberty Mutual Group D. L. l¡iorg¡n, Critlcal L¡ft Consultant, LIC f. C. nackey, Altemote, WRPS Handford, a URS Co. W. [. Osbom, Inge6oll Rand S. O.Wood, Alternote, L¡nk-Belt Construction Equ¡pment Co. R. il, Pe.nell, lll, F¡eld Servlces Div¡sion W. C. Dlcklnso[, ,r., ¡ltez,ote, Crane Industry Services, LLC J. T. P€rkln3, Englneerlng Consultant J. R. Schober, ¡/le¡note, Amer¡can Eridge Co. l. E. Rlch¡rdson, U.s. Departnent of fhe N¿w K l(e¡nedf ¡l¿ernot¿, Navy Crane Center D. W. Rftchi., Dave Ritchie Consultant, LtC [. N, Shaplro, /4lfernate, Howard l. Shapiro & Associates J. W. Rowland lll, Consultant D. A. noo.e, Ntemote, un¡fied Engineering J. C. Ryen, Boh Bros. Construction Co. A. n, Rüud, Aiterrofe, Atk¡nson Construction 0, W Sn¡th. STI Grouo S. l(' Rammelsberg, ,4llerr¿¿e, cB&l W,l. Sm¡th, rr., Nations Bu¡lder Insurance Serv¡ce t. S.hopgefa, Allernate, NElS Claims & Risk Management R. S. stemp, Lampson International, ILC E. P. Vl¡et, A¡te¡rofe, Turnef lndustr¡es Group R. G. Str¿in, Advanced Crane Technologies, LLC I, Sturm, Sturm Corp. P. D, Swee¡ey, General Dynam¡cs Electric Eoat B. M. Casey, , ¡fe¡ro¿e, General Dynamics Electric Boat

n.

[.

J. D.

Wiethorn, Haag Engineer¡ng

Co.

m. Gard¡ner, . lternote Haag Engineer¡ng Co. R. C. Wlld, C. J. Drilling, Inc. D. Í. Wolff, Nation¿l Crane/Manitowoc Crane Group l. r- Pilgrim, Altemole, Manitowoc Crane Group

Copyr¡ght O 2015 by lhe American Society ol-Mechanical llngirecrs. No rcproduction mav bc madc ofthis matcrial \¡ithout \vriltcn consent ol'ASMt.

E

HOI{ORARY I,IETIBERS I, W. Irodn9,

jr., Downs Crane and Ho¡st

Co.

l. l. fr¡n|(s, Consultant

l.lt. Klbe R. W. P.

, L¡ft-AllCo., Inc.

P¡rry, Consulta¡t

5. Zo.lch.

RZP L¡r¡¡ted

830,9

SUBCOMÍITITTEE PERSOI{l{Et

l. A Gllb. , Assoc¡ated W¡re Rope Fabr¡cators

R. ¡1. P.mclL Chdi¿ In, F¡eld Serv¡ces D¡v¡sion t. E Ardruw, LTS Cranes Mechanical B. B. B¡cor, Tennessee Valley Author¡ty T.

L Bl¡¡ton,

S. R, Gddlcy, Navy Cnne Center

5,

P.

Hútt6,

RUD Cha¡n RUD Cha¡n

,. Sdto.d.r, ¡lte.r¡?te,

NACB Group, Inc.

XLh, W¡reco Worldcroup ¡t. A. Xowrll.lq Liftex Cory.

T. W.

Altemote fechn¡cal Engineer Support A. Boe*¡n¡n, The Crosby Group, Inc. P, Cooke, Columbus McK¡nñon Corp. T. Rrhcs, lr., Arfernate, CMCo D. Doaklr, Becket Trd¡ning and Consult¡ng D. t¡bul¡, Department of the NaW, PHST Center ll. r. G.lsk y, l¡fr-lt Manufacturing Co., lnc. R, O. Ohm.n, P,

C.

E Luc¡s, Ihe Crosby Group, Inc.

l.

D.

D.

A ,¡loor.,

[ear9, Means

. Ícuzll,

Eng¡needng and Consult¡ng

Unified Eng¡neering 5¡x Rags

B. O. lodd, canpbell Cha¡n L B. Doltor, ¡lteflof¿, Apex Tool Group

B3O IT{IERESÍ REV|EW GROUP

,f. W. Osbom., E-Crdne Intemational USA G. L O¡eE. Consultant A. G. noch¡, Belgo Bekaert Arames W. Rúmburg, Crane Consultants, lnc. C. C. T3¡ur, Inst¡tute of Occupational Safety on Health, Taiwan

8oyd, The 8oe¡ng Co. ,. D. Can||on, U.S. Army Co.ps of Eng¡neers . l. EtgubrElr, Bay Ltd. tl. A. H¡5ham. Saudi Aramco ,. Hol, School of Civ¡l Eng¡neer¡n& People's Republ¡c of Ch¡ná ¡noll, Prowinch, LLc P. W.

A,

B3O REGUTATORY

AI'I}IORIW COU]{CIL A,

C. Shelharncr, C¡dir, New York c¡ty Depanment of Bu¡ld¡ngs A. O, Omr¡¡, Al¿errote, NYC Department of Bu¡ld¡n$ 6. B€€r. lowa oSHA L. G. Crnplon, u.S. Depanment of l-abor/osHA W. L. Coopaa, Afi¿ona oepartment of Occupat¡onal Safety and

,. Doughcrty, jr.,

C¡ty

of Ph¡ladelph¡a

Í¡n¡t,

C

-

Department of Bu¡td¡ngs C¡9 of Ch¡cago K ,¡1. Hyañ, fte Aner¡can Soc¡ety of Mechan¡cal €ng¡neeE I, L l,¡nlúord, State of Nevada/OSHA C.

Labor and

¡t. G. ,laa¡lm¡n, New York State Department of labor, D¡v¡s¡on of Safety & Health/PESH G. E Pu3hl.!, M¡ch¡gan occupat¡onal Safety and Health Admin¡stlat¡on C. R. Smlth, Pennsylvan¡a Department of State, Bureau of Profess¡onal and occupational Affa¡ls . Stdbl¡ñt, lr., Kentucky Labor cab¡net T.l¡ylor, state of Minnesota, Departrnent of [abor and Industry C, Tolson, State of Cal¡fomia, OSH Standards Board

He¿lth W.

l!¡daan, State of Wash¡ntton, Department of lndushies

al

f

lx Copyright O 2015 by the American Society ofMechanical Engineers. No

be made

ofthis mater¡al without written consent otASME.

6

SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABTEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS, HOIsTs, HOOKS, AND SUNGS

'ACKs,

B3O STANDARD INTRODUCTION

(14)

SECTION

l:

SCOPE

The ASME 830 Standard contains provisions that apply to the construction, installation, operation, inspection, testing, maintenance, and use of cranes and other lifting and material-movement related equipment. For the convenience of the reader, the Standard has been divided into separate volumes. Each volume has been written under the direction of the ASME B30 9tandard Committee and has successfully completed a consensus

approval process under the general auspices of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

As of the date of issuance of this Volume, the B30 Standard comprises the following volumes:

830.1 830.2 830.3 830.4 830.5 830.6 830.7 830.8 830.9

lacks, Industrial Rollers, Air Caste¡s, and Hydraulic Gantries Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist) Tower Cranes Portal and Pedestal Cranes Mobile and Locomotive Cranes Derricks Winches Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks Slings Hooks

830.10 830.11 Monorails and Underhung Cranes 830.12 Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft 830.13 Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and Associated Equipment 830.14 Side Boom Tractors 830.15 Mobile Hydraulic C¡anes (withdrawn 1982 in - requirements found latest revision of 830.5) 830.16 Overhead Hoists (Underhung) 830.'17 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single Girder, Underhung Hoist) 830.18 Stacker Cranes (Top or Under Running Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top or Under Running T¡olley Hoist) 830.19 Cableways 830.20 Below-the-l look Lifting Devices 830.21 Levcr Hoists 830.22 Articulating Boom Cranes

830.23 830.24 830.25 830.26 830.27 830.28 830.29 830.30

Personnel

Liftint

Systems

ContainerCranes Scrap and Material Handlers RiggingHardware Material Placement Systems Balance Lifting Units S€lf-Erectins Tower Cranes Ropesl

SECTION

ll:

SCOPE EXCLUSIONS

Any exclusion of, or limitations applicable to the equipment, requirements, recommendations, or operations contained in this Standard ar€ established in the af fected

volume's scope.

SECTION

lll:

PURPOSE

The 830 Standard is intended to (a) prevent or minimize injury to workers, and otherwise provide for the protection of life,limb, and property by prescribing safety requilements

(b) provide direction to manufacturers, owners, employers, users, and others concerned with, or rcsponsible for, its application (c) guide governments and other regulatory bodies in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of appropriate safety directives SECT|OÍ{

lV:

USE BY REGULATORY AGENCIES

Thes€ volumes may be adopted in whole or in part for governmental or retulatory use. If adopted for governmental use, the refercnces to other national codes and standards in the specific volumes may be changed to refer to the corresponding regulations of the Bovernmental authorities.

SECIION

V:

f

EFFECTIVE DATE

h) Efectiue Date. The effective date of this Volume of the 830 Standard shall be 1 yr after its date of issuance. I This volumc is currently

in thc development

Copyrighl O 20l5 by the Amcrican Socicty ofMcchanical Engineers. No rcnmduction nrav bc nradc oflhis malcrial without *rittcn consent ol AsME.

proces.s.

-E

6

Construction, installation, inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation of equipment manufactured and facilities constructed after the effective date of this Volume shall conform to the mandatory requirements of this Volume. (b) Exist itrg Ifl sta I I0 tions. Equipment manufactured and facilities constructed prior to the effective date of this Volume of the 830 Standard shall be subiect to the

Upon receipt by the Secretary, the request will be forwarded to the relevant 830 Subcommittee for consideration and action. Correspondence will be provided to the requester defining the actions undertaken by the

inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation requirements of this Standard after the effective date. It is not the intent of this Volume of the 830 Standard to require retrofitting of existing equipment. However, when an item isbeing modified, its performance requirements shall be reviewed relative to the requirements within the current volume. The need to meet the current requirements shall be evaluated by a qualified person selected by the owner (user). Recommended changes shall be made by the owner (user) within 1 yr

The 830 Standard Committe€ will render an interDretation of the provisions of the 830 Standard. Such

SECTION

Vl:

830 Standard Committee. SECTION

Secretary, 830 Standard Committee

ASME Codes and Standards Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990 Requests should be in the following formatr

Volume: REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

volume.

Cite the applicable edition of the volume. Subject: Cite the applicable paratraph number(s) and the relevant heading(s). Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific provision suitable for general understandint and use, not as a request for approval of a proprietary design or situation. Plans or drawings that explain the question may be submitted to clarify the question. Howevet they should not contain any proprietary names or information.

USE OF MEASUREMEI{T UNITS

This Standa¡d contains SI (metric) units as well as U.S. Customary units. The values stated in U.S. Customary units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units are a di¡ect (soft) conversion from the U.S. Customary units.

SECTION

Vlll:

Upon receipt by the Secretary the request will be forwarded to the relevant 830 Subcommittee fo¡ a d¡aft response, which will then be subject to approval by the 830 Standard Committee prio¡ to its formal issuance. Interpretations to the 830 Standard will be published in the subsequent edition of the respective volume, and will be available online at http://cstools.asme.orgl.

REQUESTS FOR REVISIOI{

The 830 Standard Committee

will consider requests

for revision of any of the volumes within

the

830 Standard. Such requests should be directed to

S€cretart 830 Standard Committee ASME Codes and Standards Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990

SECTION

X:

ó

ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE

The equipment covered by the 830 Standard is subject to hazards that cannot be abated by mechanical means, but only by the exercise of intelligence, care, and common sense. [t is therefore essential to have personnel involved in the use and operation of equipment who are competent, careful, physically and mentally qualified, and trained in the proper operation of the equipmentand the handling of loads. Serious hazards include, but are not limited to, improper or inadequate mainte' nance, overloading, dropping or slipping of the load, obstructing the freepassageof the load,and usingequipment for a purpose for which it was not intended or designed.

Requests should be in the following format:

Volume:

Cite the desitnation and title of the

Edition:

Requirements of this Standard are characterized by ofthe word sl¡all. Recommendations of this Standard are characterized by the word s/tolll

Vll¡

REQUESTS TOR INTERPRETATION

requests should be directed to

use

SECT|OI{

I&

Cite the desitnation and title of the

volume. Cite the applicable edition of the volume. Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the relevant heading(s). Request: Indic¿te the su8gested revision. Rationale: State the rationale for the suggested revision.

Edition: Subject:

xi No

Copyright @ 2015 by the Amcrican Sooicty ofMcchanical llngincers. m¿y be made ofthis material without writien conscnt ofASME. E

(c) the accele¡ation or speed of the ropes, chains,

The 830 Standard Committee fully ¡ealizes the importance of proper design factors, minimum or maximum

sheaves, sprockets, or drums

ld) the type of attachments

dimensions, and other limiting crite¡ia of wire rope or chain and their fastenings, sheaves, sprockets, drums, and similar equipment cove¡ed by the standard, all of which are closely connected with safety. Sizes, st¡entths, and similar criteria are dependent on many different factors, often varying with the installation and uses. These factors depend on (a) the condition of the equipment or material (b) the loads

(¿) the number, size, and arra¡gement of sheaves o¡ othe¡ parts l/) environmental conditions causing corrosion or wear

(g) many variables that must be conside¡ed in each

indivídual

case

The requirements and recommendations provided in the volumes must be interpreted accordingly, and judgment used in determining their application.

xll No

Copyright @ 2015 by thc American Socicty ofMcchanical Engineers. be made ofthis material without writlen consent of Asl\-4E. E

ASME 830.9-20t4 SUMMARY OF CHANGES Following approval by the ASME 830 Committee and ASME, and after public review, ASME 830.9-2014 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on September 30, 2014.

ASME 830.9-2014 includes editorial changes, revisions, and corrections identified by a margin note, (14). Poge

Iocatiotr

Change

ix-xi

lntroduction

Revised

1-4

Chapter 9-0

Revised in its entirety

5-10

Chapter 9-1

Revised in its entir€ty

11-77

Chapter 9-2

Revis€d in its entircty

18-22

Chapter 9-3

Revis€d in its entirety

Chapter 9-4

Revised in its entirety

30-35

Chapter 9-5

Revised in its enti¡ety

3641

Chapter 9-6

Rev¡sed in its entirety

SPE€IAL I{OTE: The interp¡etations to ASME 830.9 are included in this edition as a separate s€ction for the convenience.

xl|l copyright O 2015 by the Amer¡can society ofMechanical Ergineers. No reproduction may be made ofthis material without wrilten consent ofASMD.

usert

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Copyright O 2015 by the American Society ofMcchanical Enginccrs. m¿¡v be made ofth¡s mater¡al w¡thout wrilten consent ofASME.

'-

No reDroduction

E

ASME 830.9-2014

SUNGS

Chapter 9-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, Translations,

(14)

i

and References SECTION

9-0.1r

SCOPE OF ASME 830.9

braíded

bridle sling: a sling composed of multiple legs with the top ends gathered in a fitting that attaches to a hook, shackle, or other load handling device.

Volume 830.9 includes provisions that apply to the fabrication, attachment, use, inspection, testing, and maintenance of slings used for load handling purposes, used in conjunction with equipment described in other volumes of the 830 Standard, except as restricted in ASME B30.12 and ASME 830.23. Slings fabricated from alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, synthetic fiber rope, synthetic webbing, and polyester fiber yarns in a protective cover(s) a¡e addressed. All slings, including those fabricated from materials or constructions other than those detailed in this Volume, shall be used only in accordance with the recommendations of the slinq manufacturer or a qualified person-

of wire rope composed of six individual wire ropes laid asstrandsaround a wire ropecore.

cableJaid rope: a type

cable-laíd ropc sling, mechanical joínt: a wire rope sling made from a cablelaid wire rope with eyes fabricated by swaging one or more metal sleeves over each rope

junction. choker hitch:

abttornnl operat ing co¡¡dilio¡¡sr envi¡onmental conditions that are unfavorable, harmful, o¡ detrimental to or for the operation of a sling such as excessively high or low ambient temperatures, exposure to weather, corrosive fumes, dustladen or moistureladen atmospheres, and hazardous locations.

componerrt: any

synthetic webbint, roundsling core yams, thread, and fittings, as applicable. stlcrgtl¡r the published or industry accepted minimum breaking strength or minimum breaking force of the weakest component of the sling.

componeut

the mechanical wea¡int of a surface resulting from frictional contact with other materials or objects.

couplíng Iittk

in a sling body as it

mechonicql couplirrg link: a nonwelded cross-pinned

through the choking eye or fittings-

link used as a connector to join a sling leg to a fitting. ucldcd couplíng lilh an alloy steel welded link used

angle of loodittg: the acute antle between the sling leg and the plane perpendicular to the direction of applied

connector to join alloy stcelchain to another component of the sling as a

force, sometimes referred to as horizontol n¡gl¿ when lifting (see Fig. 9-1.5-1). baskct h¡tch:

cross rod: a wire used to join spirals of metal mesh to form the complete fabric.

a method of rigging a sling in which the

sling is passed around the load, and both eye openings or end fittings a¡e attached to a hook, shackle(s), orother load handling device. body (slirg): that part of a sling between the eyes, end fittings, or loop eyes. brnidad wirc ¡op¿'i

load-bea ng element of the sling includ-

ing the chain, wire rope, metal mesh, synthetic rope,

.¡¡r¡.¡sionr

passes

a method of rigging a sling in which one

end of the sling is passed a¡ound the load, then throuSh itself, an eye opening, an end fitting, or other device, and attached to a hook, shackle, or other load handling device.

SECTIO]{9-0.2: DEtlNlTlONs

nngle of chokc: the angle formed

uire rope slirrg: a sling made from braided rope.

D/d rctio: the ratio between the curvature taken by the sling, D, and the diameter of the wire rope, synthetic rope, or chain, d. design

fnctor: the

fttio between the designated breaking

load of the fabricated sling and the rated load of the slins.

a rope formed by plaiting component

wtre rooes.

I Copyr¡ght @ 2015 by thc No

Socicty ofMcchanical Engincers.

^rDerican nralerial without be made ofth¡s

wrilten conscnt of^SME.

-.

ASME 830.9-2014

desígred brenkirg loadj the minimum load

at which

hitch (hítched): a method of ritting (attaching) a sling temporarily to a load or object for the purpose of load

a

newly fabricated and unused sling is expected to break when loaded to destruction in direct tension.

handling. lond-beoring splíce (wcb

erdless sling (uire rope)

slir6): that part of a sling that

is

lapped and secured to b€come an integral load bearint part of the sling.

coble-laid endless sli,tg, mechanical joint: a wire rope sling made endless from one continuous length of cableJaid

load hotrdling: the act of lifting or pulling a load from one location to another by using a sling as the connector

rope with the ends joined by one or more metallic fittings. strond-lnid etúless slíng, mechanical joint: a wire rope sling made endless from one continuous length of strandlaid rope with the ends joined by one or more metallic fittings.

between the load and the load handling equipment. loop eye (ueb slíng): the opening formed when a length of webbing is folded back upon itself and sewn to the sling body, thereby forming a bearing point.

línk an alloy steel welded coupling link used as an intermediate connector to ioin allov steel chain to a master link. master coupling

the opening in the end of a sling for the attachment of the hook, shackle, or other load handling device o¡ the load itself.

eye opetritrg:

mastcr link: a link used to gather the le8(s) of a sling. mechnnícnl splíce (uí¡e ¡ope)r a splice formed by swaging one or more metal sleeves over the wire rope to form a

fabric (mctal mcsh): the flexible portion of the sling exclu-

sive of end fittings consisting of a series of transvers€ spirals and cross rods.

loop or eye. p/y: a layer of load-bearing webbing used in a synthetic

fabric length (metal mesh): the distance of metal mesh

webbing sling.

between the end fittints.

poured socket: a

fabric thickness brctal n¡esú)r the nominaloverall thickness

of the spirals.

applied to a sling or component in the performance of a proof test.

proof load: the specifrc tension

fabrication.

Woof test: a nondest¡uctive tension test comPonents.

ffli¡¡gr any load-bearing hardware used to fabricate the

nized degree or certificate of professional standing in an applicable field, or who, by extensive knowledge, trainin& and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work.

unlaying the wire rope body into two parts and refo¡ming it to splice: amechanical splice formed by

create a loop or eye. The splice is completed by pressing (swaging) a metal sleeve over the rope juncture.

yom

of the sling or

qualified pÜson: a person who, by possession of a recog-

sling such as a swage sleeve for wire rope or a coupling link for alloy chain, or an end attachment such as a hook or master link. eye

and

special molten metal or resin materials.

fob catío cffcicncy: the strength of the fabricated sling, as a percentage of the material strength prior to

llemish

fittint into which a broomed

degreased wire rope is inserted. The wire rope is then secured within the socket by filling the socket bowl with

E

maximum allowable working load established by the sl¡ng manufacturer. The termsrated capac¡ty and working lood limit are commonly used to describe rated load. rated lood: the

et hoire rope)

coblela¡d gromfiet, handlucked: an endless wire rope

rcach (nlloy steel

sling made from one continuous length of rope fo¡med to make a body composed of six ropes around a rope core. The rope ends a¡e hand-tucked into the body, thus fofming the core. slnnd-laid grommet, hand-tucked: an endless wire rope sling made from onecontinuous length ofstrand formed to make a six-strand rope with a strand core. The st¡and ends are hand-tucked into the body.

chai sli,ti:

retu l loop: see tunbnck

see sling langth.

swaged eye.

momeri.taly increas€ in the force applied to a sling caused by the sudden movement, shifting, or arresting of a load. shock load: a

short splice kynthetic rcpe endless sling): a splice formed

by joining the two opposite rope ends by tuckint the strands into the main body of the rope in a prescribed manner.

hnnd-tuckcd. splice (uíre rope

atú synthetic rcpd: a loop or eye formed in the end of a rope by tucking the ends of the strands back into the main bodv of the roDe in a

sli¡.gr an assembly as described in this Volume used for

orescribed manner.

slíttg body:

load handling.

te

body.

2

Copyright O 2015 by the American Society ofMechan¡cal Engineers. No rcoroduction m¡v bc made oflhis malerial wilhout written co¡sent ofASME. E

ASME 830.9-2014

sliúg leügfh: the distance between the extreme bearing

maintenance shall be t¡anslated into English by professional translation indust¡y standards, which include but

points of the sling assernbly, except that the length dimension fo¡ wire rope slings excludes the gathering ring or m¿ster Iink in the length dimension.

are not limited to the following:

(-d) t¡anslation of the complete paragraph message, instead of word by word (-ü) grammatical accuracy

slí g manufacturer (fabticator): a person or company assembling o¡ fab¡icating the sling(s). The sling manufacturer and the manufacture¡ of the sling components may or may not be the same entity.

(-c) respectfulness of the source document content without omittin8 or expanding the text (-d) accurate translation of the terminology (-e) ¡eflection of the level of sophistication of the original document (2) The finished translation shall be ve¡ified fo¡ compliance with paras. 9-0.4(a)(1)(-a) through (a)(1)(-e) by a qualified person having an understanding of the technical content of the subject matter.

sliüg serL)ice ¡ornalr service that involves handling of loads within

the rated load. s¿z'¿l¿i service that involves normal service coupled with abno¡mal ope¡ating conditions. sp¿c¡ai; service that involves operation othe¡ than normal or severe that is identified by a qualified person.

(3) Pictograms used to identify controls shall be

spíral (metal mesft): a single transve¡se coil of \¡r'ire that is thebasicelement from which metal mesh is fabr¡cated.

strúighllite

dcscribed in the manuals. The pictograms should comply with a recognizcd source, if previously defined. The

text of the description shall meet the criteria of

a method of rigging a sling in which an eye opening, end fitting, or one end of the sling is attached to the load, and the other eye opening, end fitting, or end of the sling is attached to a hook, shackle, or other load handling device. hiLch:

paras. 9-0.4(a)(1) and (aX2). (¿t) Any non-English documentation

strandlaid rcpe: a wire rope made with strands (usually six to eight) formed around a fiber core, wire strand core, or independent wire rope core (IWRC).

SECTION9-o.5:

r

REFERENCES

1'he following is a list of publications referenced in

an end fittint into which a wire rope is inserted and then permanently attached by mechanical compression applied to the socket shank.

this Standard.

stoaged socket:

turrúack xoagcd cya splica ftoitc rory): a

provided in

addition to English shall be translated a¡d reviewed in accordance with the requirements listed inpara.9{.4(b).

ASME 830.10-2009, Hooks ASME 830.12-2011, Handling Loads Suspended From

echanical splice

Rotorcraft

in which the rope is looped back on itself and secured with one or more metal sleeves. The te¡m rcf!¡l¡ /oop is commonly used to describe a turnback swaged eye.

ASME 830.20-2010, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices ASME 830.23-2011, I'ersonnel Lifting Systems ASME 830.26-2010, Rigging Hardware

oertical hítch: see stmighf-line hítch.

Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical

ya¡'r?r

Engineers (ASME), Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law Drive, PO. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900 (www.asme.org)

a Sene¡ic te¡m for a continuous strand of fibers.

SECTION

9-0.3¡

PERSONNEL COMPETENCE

Persons performing the functions identified

ASTM 4391/,A391M-01, Standard Specification for Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain

in this

ASTM A586-98, Standard Specification fo¡ Zinc-Coated Parallel and Helical Steel Wi¡e Structural St¡and and Zinc-Coated Wire for Spun-in-Place Structu¡al Stra¡d

Volume shall meet the applicable qualifying critcria stated in this Volume and shall, through education, training, expe¡ience, skill, and physical ability, as necessary be competent and capable to perform the functions as

determined

by the employer or

ASTM A906lA906M-02, Standard Specification for Grade 80 and Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain Slings for Ove¡head Lifting ASTM A952/ A952M-02, Standard Specification for Forged Grade 80 and Crade 100 Steel Liftint

employer's

rePresenrauve.

SECTION9-0.4:

Components and Welded Attachment

TRANSLATIONS

Link

ASTM 4973/ 4973M-01, Standard Specification for Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain

(n) Translatíon of Non-English Docuítetltafiotl lnto Etlgl¡sh

ASTM A1023/A1023M-02, Standard Specification for Strandcd Carbon Stcel Wire Ropes fo¡ Gene¡al

(1) The wording of written non-English safcty information and manuals regarding use, inspection, and

Purposes 3

Copyright O 2015 by the Anrcrican Socicty ofMcchanical Enginccrs. No r€Droduction nrav be rnade ol-this n¡alerial w¡lhout written consent ol ASME.

5) E

ASME 830.9-2014

ó

Publishe¡: America¡ Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1,9428-2959 (www.astm.org)

Publishe¡: The Cordage lnstitute (CI), 994 Old Eagle School Road, Wayne, PA 19087 (www.ropecord.com) Wire Rope Slint Users Manual, 3¡d Edition

Publisher: Wire Rope Technical Board (WRTB), 70114 Manchester Blvd., Alexand¡ia, YA 2231,0

CI 1303-96, Nylon (Polyamide) Fiber Rope,3-Strand and

(www.wireropetechnicalboard.org)

8-Strand Construction CI 1304-96, Polyester (PET) Fiber Rope, 3-Strand and 8-Strand Const¡uction

WSTDA-RS-I, Recommended Sta¡dald Specification fo¡ Slmthetic Polyester Roundslings WSTDA-TH-1, Recommended Standard Specification for Synthetic Thread

CI 1305-96, Single Braided Polyeste¡ Fiber Rope, l2-Strand B¡aid Construction CI130G96,Nylon (Polyamide) Fiber Rope, Double Braid

WSTDA-UV-Sling-2003, Summary Report UV Deg¡adation WSTDA-WB-1, Recommended Sta¡da¡d Specification for Synthetic Webbing for Slings Publisher: Web Sling & Tie Down Association (WSTDA), 2105 Lau¡el Bush Road, Bel Ai¡, MD 21015

Constn¡ction Cl 1307-96, Polyeste¡ (PET) Fiber Rope, Double Braid Construction CI 2110-04, Fiber Rope Inspection and Reti¡ement

(www.wstda.com)

C¡iteria

4

No

Copyright O 2015 by the American Society ofMechanical Engineers. be made ofthis material without wrilten conscr¡t ofASME.

.E

ASME 830.9-2014

(r4l

Chapter 9-1

s

Alloy Steel Chain Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance SECTION

9-1.0:

SCOPE

SECTION

Chapter 9-1 includes provisions that apply to alloy

9-1.3:

FABRICATION AND CONFIGURATIONS

9-1.3.1 Fabrication

steel chain slings (see Fig.9-1.0-1).

(n) Grade 80 and Grade 100 alloy steel chain slings shall be fabricated in acco¡dance with ASTM 4906/ SECTION

9-1.1:

4906M. (ú) Mechanical coupling links shall not be used within the body of an alloy chain sling to connect t\ro pjeces of chain.

TRAINING

Alloy steel chain sling users shall be trained in the selection, inspection, cautions to personnel, effects of environment, and rigging practices as covered by this Chapter.

9-1.3.2 Conf¡gurat¡ons

SECTION

(rr) SingleJeg slings and double-leg, tripleleg, and quadrupleJeg bridle slings used in st¡aight-line, choke¡, and basket hitches are covered in this Chapter

9-1.2:

COMPONENTS

NOTI:

in

(D) Singlc- and double-basket slings used in basket hitches are covered in this Chapter (c) Other configurations maybe used. When used, the sling manufachrrer or a qualified person shall provide specific data. These slings shall comply with all other requircments of this Chapter

The alloy steel chain shall be manufactured and tested accordance u'ith ASTM A391l4391M for Crade 80

chain and ASTM A973 / A973M for Grade 100 chain.

9-1.2.2 F¡tt¡ngs (n) Fittings for alloy steel chain slings shall be manufactured and tested in accorda¡ce with ASTM 4952/ 4952M. (ü) Makeshift fasteners, hooks, or links formed f¡om bolts, rods, or othe¡ such fittings shall not be used. (c) Where used, handles shall be welded to the master liñk or hook prior to heat treating according to the recommendations of the sling manufacturer or a qualified

SECTION

9-1.4:

DESIGN FACTOR

The design factor for alloy steel chain slings shall be a minimum of 4. SECTION

9-1.5:

6

RATED LOAD

fa) The sling manufacturer shall establish the sling's ¡ated load. (ü) At a minimum, the rated load shall be based on the following factors:

PCrSOn.

(¿l)

A straitht-line hitch is commonly rcferred to as a vcrti-

cal hitch.

9-1.2.1 Atloy Cha¡n

When employed, hooks other than those

described in ASTM A952lA952M shall meet thc requirements of ASME 830.10.

(1) component strength

(e) When employed, rigging hardware other than master links described in ASTM A952l4952M shall meet the requirements of ASME 830.26.

(2) number of legs

(3) design factor (4) type of hitch (see Fig. 9-1.0-1) (5) angle of loading (see Fi8.91.5

9-1.2.3 Other Components

1)

(c) The rated load of a quadrupleJeg or double-basket sling shall not exceed the rated load of a tripleJeg sling.

Chain or fittings othe¡ than those listed in paras. 9-1.2.1 and 9-1.2.2 may beemployed. When such compo-

nents are employed, the sling manufacturer or a quali-

SECTION

fied person shall provide specific data regarding

9-1.6:

PROOF TEST REQUIREMENTS

9-1.6.1 General

deviations from the applicable sections of this Chapter These slings shall comply with all other requirements of this Chapter

Prior to initial use, all new and repaired chain and fittings of an alloy steel chain sling shall be proof tested 5

Cop),right No

O

2015 by lhc Anlcrican Sooicly ofMcchanical Engincors. hs ¡nuJc ol lhi\ nrutürirl rrill¡'ut !rritt,:n c ns,:nl r,l AS\,41

"-

,É

ASllE 8:Xt

R8.

+1,0-l

$201{

Alloy Steel Ch¡ln Sllngsr Conñgunüons, Componsnts, and Hltcheg 6nd componont

Master llnk (upp9r €nd

{finlng}

compononV

fttlng) Mast€rcoupling l¡nk llnk

Low€r €nd componont

(frttiñgt

hl Ourdrupblrg Bldb Slln0 Compom||t

lcl

StngllB.¡trt

rd

Sl¡r|e

lb) S¡ngl..L.g Sl¡ng

ldl Doublllrg Bridb Sl¡nc H¡t ñ

lrl Slneb-l¡e Chok r Hlrdl

Hlrch

6 Copyright No

CompomÍtt

2015 by the Anerican Society ofMechanical Engineers. b€ madc of this mat€rial withour writt€¡¡ consmt of ASME.

ASME 830.9-2014

6

Fig.

9-1.5-1 Angle of Loading

f)

length (reach)

(g) individual sling identification

Oirect¡on of

(e.9., serial number)

9-1.7.2 In¡t¡at St¡ng ldentification Sling identification shall be done by the sling manufacturer.

9-1.7.3 túa¡ntenance of St¡ng ldent¡f¡cat¡on Sling identification should be maintained by the user so as to be legible during the life of the sling. Plane perpend¡cular

9-1,7.4 Replacement of Sl¡ng ldentification Replacement of the sling identification shall be considered a repair as specified in paras. 9-1-9.6(a) and (b). Additional proof testing is not required. SECTION

9-1.E¡

EFFECTS OF EI{VIRONMEI{T

9-1.E.1 Temperature Direction ol

Extr€me tempelatures may reduce the performance ofalloy steelchain slings. The sling manufacturer should be consulted when the slings are to be us€d in temperatu¡es of -40'F (-40'C) or below. Rated load reductions for Grade 80 and Grade 100 alloy chain slings used at or after exposure to temperatures of 400"F (204'C) or higher are given in Table 9-1.8.1-1.

either individually or as an assembly by the sling manufacturcr or a qualified person.

9-1.8.2 Chemlcally Act¡ve Environments The strength of alloy steel chain slings may be degraded by chemically active environments. This includes exposure to chemicals in the form of solids,

9-1.ó.2 Proof Load Requirements (n) For single- or multipleleg slings, each leg shall be proof loaded to a minimum of 2 times the singleJeg

straight-line hitch rated load. (&) The proof load for fittings attached to single legs shall be a minimum of 2 times the singleleg straightline hitch rated load. (c) Master links for double-leg bfidle slings, singlebasket slings, and master coupling links connected to two legs shall be proof loaded to a minimum of 4 times the singleJeg straight-line hitch rated load. (d) Master links for triple- and quadruple-leg bridle slings and double-basket bridle slings shall b€ proof loaded to a minimum of 6 times the sintle-let straithtline hitch rated load.

SECTION

9-1.7: Stl

liquids, gases, vapors, or fumes. The sling manufactur€r or a qualified person should be consulted before slings are used in chemically active environments. SECTION

9-1.9;

INSPECTION, REI|OVAL, AND REPAIR

9-1.9.1 General

All

inspections shall be performed by a designated

person. Any deficiency identified shall be examined and

a determination made by a qualified person as to whether it constitutes a hazard.

9-1,9.2 In¡t¡al Inspect¡on G IDENTIFICATION

Prior to use, each new, altered, modified, or repaired sling shall be inspected to verify compliance with the applicable provisions of this Chapter A written record of the inspection referencing the individual sling identification is required.

9-1.7.1 ldent¡ficat¡on Requ¡rements Each sling shall be marked to show (n) name or trademark of manufacturet o¡ if ¡epai¡ed, the entity perfofming repairs

9-1.9.3 Frequent Inspection (c) A visual inspection for damage shall be performed each day or shift the sling is used. (b) Slings found with conditions such as those listed in para. 9-1.9.5 shall be removed from s€rvice. Slin8s

(b) grade

lc) nominal chain

size (d) number of legs (c) rated load for at least one hitch type and the angle upon which it is based 7

Copyrighl @ 20 t5 by the American Society ofMechanical Lnginccrs. No rcnroduction mav bc madc oflhis malcrial without writtcn conscnt ofASME. E

ASME 830.9-2014

Table

9-1.8.1-1 Effect of

Elevated Temperature on Rated Load of Alloy

Steel Cha¡n Grad€ of Chain Grade 80 Temporary Reduct¡on of Rated load

Temperature

.F

While at

Grade 100

Permanent R€duct¡on of Rated Load

Permanent

Reduction of

After

Rated Load

A[ter

Exposure to Temperature

Wh¡le at Temperatu¡e

E¡posure to femperature

N0ne None None

None

None

75./. 25%

NOne

5%

30"/.

757. 20% 25%

Temporary

oc

Temperature NOne

500

Below 204 204 260

600

316

70% 75% 20%

700

3/1

3070

70"/o

40%

800 900 1,000 Over 1,000

427 442

400/.

75./"

so%

50%

2O7o

538 over 518

601" Note (1)

25% Note (1)

60% 70% Note (1J

Below 400 400

Reduct¡o¡ of Rated Load

5%

30% 35% Note (1)

NOTE:

(l)

Remove

froñ serv¡ce.

shall not be retumed to service until approved by a qualified person. (c) Written records are not required for frequent

9-1.9.5 Removal Cr¡ter¡a An alloy steel chain sling shall be removed from service if any of the following conditions are p¡esent:

(a) missing or illegible slinB identification

inspections-

(see

Section 9-1.7).

9-1.9.4 Period¡c Inspection

lb) cracks or breaks. lc) excessive wear, nicks, or gouges. Minimum thick-

(n) A complete inspection of the sling shall be performed. Each link and fitting shall be examined individually, taking care to expose and examine all surfaces including the inner link surfaces. Slings found with conditions such as those listed in para. 9-1.9.5 shall be ¡emoved from service. Slings shall not be returned to service until approved by a qualified person. (b) Petíotlic lnspectíon Freqr.arcy Periodic inspection intervals shall not exceed 1 yr The frequency ofpedodic inspections should be based on (1) frequency of sling use 12) severity of service conrlitions (3) nature of load handlin8 activities (4) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar circumstances (c) Guidelines fo¡ the time intervals are

ness on chain links shall in Table 9-1.9.5-1.

rd) stretched ch¡in links or fittings. (e) bent, twisted, o¡ deformed chain links or fittings. f) evidence of heat damage. (g) excessive pitting or corrosion. (lr) Iack of ability of chain or fittings to hinge (articu-

5

late) freely.

(i) weld splatter.

(f) for hooks, removal criteria as stated in

ASME B3O.1O, (k) for rigging hardware, removal criteria as stated in ASME B30.26. (/) other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as to the continued use of the sling.

(1) normal service yearly (2) seve¡e se¡vice - monthly to quarterly (3) special service - as recommended by a qualified person

not be below the values listed

9-1.9.6 Repa¡l (n) Slings shall be repaired only by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. (b) A repaired sling shall be ma¡ked to identify the repairing entity per Section 9-1.7. (c) Components used for sling ¡epair shall comPly with the provisions of this Chapter.

-

(d) A written reco¡d of the most recent periodic inspection shall be maintained and shall include the condition of the slint. ó

Copyright O 2015 by thc Anrcrican Sociery ol-MechaDical lngincers. No rcoroduction nrav be nladc ofthis ¡r¡aterial witlñut written consent ofASML. E

ASME 830.9-2014

6

Tabte

9-1,9.5-1 Minimum Allowable Thickness at Any Point on a Link M¡n¡mum Allowable Th¡ckness at Any Point on

Nominal Cha¡n or Coupl¡ng Link Size

the Link

lt,

5.5

0.189

4.80

"/t,

7 8

0.2J9

6.O7

o.273 0.3/!2 0.413

6.93 8.69 77.26

o.546

1.3.47

o.687 0.750 0.887 1.091

't7.45

'1" v"

10

7"

v,

16 20 22

1

26

1'/o

32

t,

,/"

(d) Repair of hooks shall be as specified in

Tabte

ASME 830.10. Repair of below-the-hook lifting devices shall be as specified in ASME 830.20. Itepair of all other components shall be as specified by the sling manufacturer, component manufacturer, or a qualified person. (e) Cracked, broken, stretched, bent, or twisted chain links shall not be repaircd; they shall be replaced. f) Mechanicalcoupling links shall notbe used within the body of an alloy chain sling to connect two pieces

19.O5

22.51 27.71

9-1,10.1-1 Basket Sling

Hitch-Rated Capac¡ty Affected by D/d

of chain. (9 Modifications or alterations to a sling shall conform to all repair provisions of this Chapter (/r) All repairs shal) comply with the proof test requirements of Sectit¡n 9-1.6. SECTION

9-1.10:

OPERATING PRACTICES

9-1.10.1 51¡ng Select¡on (d) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be used unless inspected and accepted as usable under Section 9-1.9.

(b) Slings having suitable characte¡istics fo¡ the type ofload, hitch, and environment shall beselected in accordance with the requirements of Sections 91.5 and 9-1.8. (c) The rated load of the sling shall not be exceeded. When using a multipleJeg sling, no leg shall be loadcd beyond its sinBle-leg rating. (d) When the choker hitch rating is not identified on the sling, the choker hitch rating shall be 80% of the sling's straightline hitch rating, r¡nless other ratings are

Rated capacity, %

Less than 2

Not recommended 60

2

3 5

6 and ¿bove

70 80 90 100

slint manufacturer or a qualified person. (g) For multipleJeg slings used with nonsymmet¡ical loads, an analysis by a qualified person should be performed to prevent overloading of any leg. ([) MultipleJeg slings shall be selected acco¡ding to the slingt ¡ated load based on the specific angles as stated on the slins's ide¡tification. The rated load for Table 9-1.10.1-1, or consult the

provided by the sling manufacture¡ or a qualified Person.

(e) Rated loads for angles of choke less than 120 de8 shall be dete¡mined by the sling manufactureror a qualified person [see Figure 9-1,0-1, illust¡ation (e)]. (f) The rated load of a basket hitch shall be decreased

when D/d ratios sñaller than 6 are used.

o/d

See 9

C()pyright O 2015 by thc Socicty ofMechanical Engineers ^mcrican No roDroduclion nrav be madc ofthis nraterial rvilhout written consent ol'ASlr4ll.

.E

ASME 830.9-2014

(ú) Slings shall not be shortened or lengthened by knotting or twisting. (c) The sling shall be hitched in a manner to provide control of the load, (d) Slings in contact with edges, corners, or protrusions should be protected with a material of sufficient

provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. (i) Slings shall not be used at an angle of loading less than 30 deg except as recommended by the sling manufactur€r or a qualified person. (7) When a sling leg is used as a basket hitch with the lower connecto¡ (hook) attaching to the master link (upper con¡ector), the basket hitch rating shall be limuse at other angles shall be

strength, thickness, and construction to prevent damage to the sl¡ng. (e) Shock loading should be avoided. f) Loads should not be rested on the sling. (g) Slings should not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling. lÍ) Twisting and kinking shall be avoided.

ited to its single-leg ¡atin& unless the master link is rated to accommodate that configuration.

(t) Fittings shall be of a shape and size to ensure that they are properly seated in the hoolg shackle, or load handling device. 9-1.10.2 Caut¡ons to Personnel la) All portions ofthe human body shall be kept from

(r) During load handling activities, with or without load, personnel shall be alert for possible snagging. f) When using multiple basket or choker hitches, the load should be rigged to prevent the sling from slipping or sliding along the load. (k) When lifting with a basket hitch, the legs of the sling should contain or support the load from the sideg above the center of gravitt so that the load remains r¡¡der control. (l) Slings should not be dragged on the floor or over an abrasive sudace. (m) In a choker hitct! the choke point should only be on the sling bod, never on a fitting (n) Slings should not be constricted, bunched, or pinched by the load, hook, or any fitting. (o) The load applied to the hook should be centered in the base(bowl) ofthehook toprevent point loadingon the hff)k, unless the hook is designed for point loadint.

between the sling and the load, and from between the

sling and the hook, shackle, or other load handling oev¡ce. (ú) Personnel should not stand in line with or next to the leg(s) of a sling that is under tension. (c) Pe¡sonnel shall not stand or pass unde¡ a susDended load. (d) Personnel shall not ride the slins.

9-1.10,3 Effccts of Environment Slings should be stored in an area where they will not be subjected to mechanical damage, corrosive action,

moisture, extreme temperatures, or kinking (see Section 9-'1.8).

9-1.10.4 Rigging Pract¡ces (a) Slings shall be shortened or adjusted only by methods approved by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.

6

9

l0 Copyright @ 2015 by the Amcrican Socicty ofMcchanical EnginccrsNo reoroduction mav be made ofthis material without rvritten consent of^SME.

E

ASME 830.9-2014

;

Chapter 9-2 Wire Rope Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance SECTION

9-2.0:

(n) Wire rope clips shall not be used to fabricate wi¡e rope slings except where the application of sli¡gs prevents the use of prefabricated slings and where the specific application is designed by a qualified person. (1) lf employed, wire rope clips shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the recommendations of the clip manufacturer or a qualified person, or in accordance with the provisions of ASME 830.26. (2) Malleable cast i¡on clips shall not be used to fabricate slings. lü) Knots shall not be used to fabricate slings.

SCOPE

Chapter 9-2 includes provisions that apply to wire rope slings. (See Figs. 9-2.0-1 and 9-2.0-2.) NOTE: Boom p€ndants are not within the scope of this Chapter.

SECTION9-2.1: TRAINING Wire rope sling users shall be t¡ained in the selection, inspection, cautions to personnel, effects of environment, and ¡igging practices as covered i¡ this Chapter. SECTION

9-2.2:

COMPONENTS

9-2.2.1 W¡re Rope The wire rope shall be manufactured and tested in

accordance

with ASTM 41023/41023M

lc) Other fabrication methods not covered by this Chapter shall be rated in accordance with the ¡ecommendation of the sling manufacturer or a qualified person, and shall confo¡m to all other provisions of this Chapter

and

ASTM 4586. (n) Only new or unused wire rope shall be used for fabricating slings cove¡ed in this Chapter (ú) Only regularJay wire rope shall be used for fabricating sl¡n8s covered in this Chapter. (c) Rotation-resistant wire rope shall not be used for fabricating slings covered in this Chapter.

9-2.3.2 Configurations (n) SingleJeg slings and twoleg, threeleg, and fourleg bridle slings used in straight-line, choke¡, and basket hitches are covered by this Chapter

9-2.2.2 titt¡ngs

NOTE: A stmighcline hitch is commonly referred to

(a) Fittings such as sleeves and sockets shall be used

as a ve¡ti-

in accordance with the component manufacturer's

cal hitch.

recommendations. (ü) When employed, hooks shall meet the requirements of ASME 830.10. (c) Welding of handles or any other accessories to end attachments, except covers to thimbles, shall be performed prior to the assembly of the sling. (d) When employed, rigging hardware shall meet the requirements of ASME 830.26.

(b) Slings made of rope with 6 x 19 and 6 x 36 classification and cable-laid slings shall have a minimum clear length of rope 10 times the rope diameter between splices, sleeves, or end fittings (see Fig. 9-2.3.2-1), urless approved by the manufacturer or a qualified person. (c) Braided slings shall have a minimum clear length of rope 40 times the component rope diamete¡ between the loops or end fittings (see Fig. 9-2.3.2-2), unless approved by the manufacture¡ or a qualified person. (d) G¡ommets and endless slings shall have a minimum ci¡cumferential length of 96 times the body diarneter of the g¡ommet or endless sling unless approved by the manufacturer or a qualified person. (c) Other configurations may be used. \ ¡henused, the sling manufacturer or a qualified person shall provide specific data. These slings shall comply with all other requirements of this Chapter.

9-2.2.3 Other Components Wire ropes and fittings, other than those listed in paras.9-2.2.1 and 9-2.2.2, may be employed. When such components are employed, the sling manufacturer or a qualified person shall provide specific data regarding deviations from the applicable section of thjs Chapter. These slings shall cornply with all other requirements of this Chapter. SECTION

9-2.3:

FABRICATION AND CONFIGURATIONS

9-2.3.1 fabr¡cat¡on

SECTION

Methods of fabrication include hand-tucked splicing, turnback eye (retum loop) or flemish eye mechanical splicing, and poured or swaged socketing.

9-2.4:

DESIGN FACTOR

The design factor for wire rope slings shall be a mini-

mum of

5.

ll Copyright O 2015 by thc Amcrican Socicty ofMcchanical Enginccrs. No reoroduction nrav bc ¡¡ade ofth¡s ¡¡li¡terial without written consent ol-ASME E

ASME 830.9.2014

ng,9-2,0-7 wlre Rope Slint Sling lengthi bear¡ng-po¡nt to bearing-po¡nt

F¡g.

9-2.0-2 Wlre Rope

Ílg. 9-2.1,2-l l,lin¡mum Sllnt Lenglh Cl€ar l€nglh min¡mum 10 tim€s ths ropa d¡amoter

12

Copyright @ 2015 by the Am€r¡can Society ofMechanical Engineers. No reproduction may be made ofthis material wihout written consent ofASME.

A5ME 830.9-2014

8ra¡ded Eyo.and-Eyo Wiro Rope Sling

SECTION

9-2.5:

RATED LOAD

(a) The sling manufacturcr shall cstablish the sling's ¡ated load. (b) At a minimum, the rated loád shall be based on the following factors: (1) component strength

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

number of legs design factor

type of hitch angle of loading (see Fig. 9-2.5-1) fabrication efficiency

SECTION

9-2.6:

Pláne perpenclicular

PROOF TEST REQUIREMENTS

9-2.6.1 Generat (a) Prior to initial use, all new swaged socket, poured swated cye type slings, and mechanical joint endless wire rope slings shall be proof tested by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. (b) Plio¡ to initial use, all wire rope slings incorporating previously used or welded fittings and all repaired slings shall be proof tested by the sling manufacturcr or a qualified person. (c) All other new wire rope slings are not required to be proof tested unless specified by the purchaser. socket, or tu¡nback

9-2.6.2 Proof Load Requ¡rements (n) For single- or multipleleg slings and endless slings, each leg shall be proof loaded to the followint load requirements based on fabrication method. (1) Mechatúcal Splice S/ittgs. The proof load shall be a minimum of 2 times and a maximum of 2.5 times the singleleg straightline hitch ¡ated load. (2) Sungcd Socket a d Pourcd Socket S/itigs. The proof load shall be a minimum of 2 times and a maxi

mum of 2.5 times the single-leg straight-line hitch rated load.

Direction of

If proof tested, the proof load shall be a minimum of 1 times and a maximum of 1.25 times the singleleg straighFline hitch ¡ated ioad. (ü) The proof load for components (fittings) attached to single legs shall be the same as the requi¡ement for single-leg slings in para. 9-2.6.2(a). (c) Master links for twoJeg bridle slings shall be proof Ioaded to a minimum of 4 times the singleleg straightline hitch ¡ated load. (d) Master links for three-leg bridle slings shall be proof loaded to a minimum of 6 times the single-leg straiBht-line hitch rated load. (c) Maste¡ links for fourJeg bridle slings shall beproof loaded to a minimum of 8 times the singleleg straightline hitch rated load. (3) Hancl-Tucl,cd S/rtgs.

Cop!righl O 2015 by rhe A¡rerican Socicty ol'Mcchanical linginccrs. No reorodr¡ction mav bc nradc oflhis malerial without rlrittcn conscnl ofASME.

'. E

ASME 830.9-2014

SECTION

9-2.7:

applicable provisions of this Chapter. Written ¡ecords are not reqLrired for initial inspections.

SLING IDENTIFICATIOI{

9-2.7.1 ldent¡f¡cat¡on Requirements Each sling shall be marked to show (¿¡) name or trademark of manufacturet or if repaired,

9-2.9.3 trequent Inspection (a) A visual inspection for damage shall beperformed each day or shift the sling is used.

the entity performing repairs (ü) rated load fo¡ at least one hitch type and the angle upon which it is based (c) diameter or size (d) number of legs, if more than one

(ú) Slings found with conditions such as those listed

in para.9-2,9.5 shall be removed from service. Slings shall not be returned to service until approved by a qualified person. (c) Written ¡ecords a¡e not ¡equired for frequent

9-2.7.2 In¡t¡at Sl¡ng ldentif¡cat¡on

Sling identification shall be done by the sling

inspections.

manufacture¡.

9-2.9.4 Petiodic I nspect¡on

9-2.7.3 Maintenance of sting ldentif¡cation

(n) A complete inspection of the sling shall be performed. Inspection shall be conducted on the entire length including splices and fittings. Slings found with conditions such as those listed in pa¡a. 9-2.9.5 shall be removed f¡om service. Slings shall not be retumed to service until approved by a qualified person. (b) Pcriodíc Lrcpectiotl Freqúc cy. Periodic i¡spection i¡¡tervals shall not cxcccd 1 yr The f¡equency ofperiodic

Sling identification slrould be maintained by the user so as to be legible during the life of the sling.

9-2.7.4 Replacement of 5[¡ng ldentificat¡on Replacement ofthe sling identification shall be considered a repair as specified in paras. 9-2.9.6(a) and (b). Additional proof testing is not required. SECTION

9-2.8:

inspections should bc based on (1) frcquency of sling use (2) severity of service conditions 13) nature of load handling activities (4) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar ci¡cumstances (c) Guidelines for the time intervals are (1) normal service yearly - monthly (2) seve¡e se¡vice to quarte¡ly - as recommended (3) special service by a qualified person

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT

9-2.8.1 Temperature (a) Fiber core wire rope slings of all gndes shall not be exposed to tempemtures in excess of 180"F (82"C). (ü) When fiber core wire rope slings are to be used at temperatures below -40'F (-40'C), the sling manufacturer should be consulted. (c) When IWRC wire rope slings are to be used at temperatures above 400'F (204"C) or below -40'F (-40'C), the sling manufacturer should be consulted.

(¿'l)

9-2.8.2 Chem¡calty A€t¡ve Env¡ronments The strength of wi¡e rope slings may be degraded by

(e) lnspection records of individual slints are not

chemically active environments. This includes exposure to chemicals in the form of solids, liq'rids, gases, vapors/ or furnes. The sling manufacturer or a qr-ralified person should be consulted before slings are used in chemically active envi¡onments. SECTION

9-2.9:

Documentation that the most ¡ecent periodic

inspection was performed shall be maintained. requ¡recl.

9-2.9.5 Removal Criter¡a

A wire rope sling shall te removed f¡om se¡vice if any of the following conditions are p¡esent;

INSPECTION, REMOVAI, AND

(a) missing or illegible sling identification

REPAIR

(see

Section 9-2.7) (b) broken wires

9-2.9.1 General

(1) fo¡ strandlaid and single-pa¡t slings, 10 randomly distributed brokcn wires in one rope lay, or 5 broken wires in one strand in one rope lay (see

All inspections shall be performed by a designated person. Any deficiency identificd shall be examined and a determination made by a qualified person as to whether it constitutes a haza¡d.

Fig.9-2.0-2)

(2) for cable-laid slings, 20 broken wires per lay

9-2.9.2 Init¡allnspect¡on P or to use, all new, alte¡ed, modified, or repaired slings shall be inspected to verify compliance with the

(see Fig. 9-2.9.5-1)

(3) for

lcss than eight-part braided slings, 20 broken

wircs pcr braid length (see FiE. 9-2.3.2-2) 14

Copyright O 2015 by thc Anrcrican Sooicly ol Mcchanical Ilngineers No rcnroduction Drlv be Drade of this nlatcfial without written consent of ,{SME

I "E E

AS¡ilE 830.9-2014

Fie,.9-2.9.5-7 Cabte-Laid wire One

rope

ray

(4) for eight-pa¡t or more than eight-part braided

slings, 40 b¡oken wires per braid length

affected (g) severe corrosion of the rope or fittings

(l¡) for hooks, removal criteria as stated in B3O.1O

(r) for rigging hardware, rcmoval criteria

as stated

in

ASME 830.26 (JJ other conditions, including visible damage, that c¡use doubt as to the continued use nf thc slins

9-2.9.6 Repa¡r (a) Slings shall be repaired only by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. (ú) A repaired sling shall be marked to identify the repairing entity per Section 9-2.7. (c) Components used fo! sling repai¡ shall comply with the provisions of this Chapter

(d) Repair of hooks shall be as specified in ASME 830.10. Repait of below-the hook lifting devices shall be as specified in ASME 830.20. Repair of all othcr components shall be as specified by the sling manufactu¡e¡, component manufactu¡et or a qualified person.

(e) The wire rope used in the sling shall not be repaired.

(, Modifications o¡ alterations to a sling shall conform to all repair provisions of this Chapter. (g) All repairs shall comply with the proof test

Cop],r¡ght

I

SECTION

9-2.10:

OPERATING PRACTICES

9-2.10.1 St¡ng Select¡on (n) Slings that appear to be darnaged shall not be used unless inspected and accepted as usable under Section 9-2.9. (ú) Slings having suitable characteristics for the type of load, hitch, and environment shall be selected inaccordance with the requirements of Sections 9-2.5 and 9-2.8. (c) The ¡ated load of the sling shall not be exceeded. When using a multipleJeg sling, no leg shall be loaded

beyond its singleleg ¡ating. (d) When the choke¡ hitch rating is not identified on thesling, the chokerhitch rating forsingleJegand bridle slings shall be 75'l. ofthe sling's straight-line hitch ¡ating (70% for cableJaid slings), unless other ratings are provided by the sling manufactu¡e¡ or a qualified person. Consult the sling manufacturer or a qualified person for choker hitch ratings for grommets and endless slings. (e) Rated loads for angles of choke less than 120 deg

shall be determined by using the values in

Table 9-2.10.1-1, or by consulting the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. For multiple-leg slings used with nonsymmet¡ical Ioads, an analysis by a qualified person should be performed to prevent overloading of any leg.

f)

(.q) MultipleJeg slings shall be selected according to the slíng's ¡ated load based on the specific angle(s) as stated on the sling's identification. The rated load for use at other angles shall be provided by the sling manufactu¡er or a qualified person. (/¡) When D/d ratios (see Fig. 9-2.10.1-1) smaller than 15/1 for hand+ucked splice type slings and 25,/1 for mechanical splice and swaged or poured socket-type slings are used in the body of the sling, the rated load of the sling shall be dec¡eased according to the recommendations of the rnanufactuler, a qualified person, or

the Wire Rope Sling Users Manual. Fo¡ other sling types,

r€quirements of Section 9-2.6.

No

t

(see

Fig. 9'2.3.2-2) (¿) severe localized ab¡asion or scraping resulting in a reduction from nominal diameter of more than 57u (d) kinking, crushing, birdcaging, or any other damage resulting in damage to the rope structure (e) evidence of heat damage f) fittings that are cracked, deformed, or worn to the extent that the strentth of the sling is substantially

ASME

Rope Sl¡ng

O

2015 by lhc Society ol Mechanical llngineen ^mcrican nralerial widlout written consent of ASMI:. be made ol-lhis

E

ASME 830.9-2014

F¡9.

Table

9-2.10,1-1 Angle of Choke: Wire

9-2.10.1-1 D/d Ratiot Wire Rope Slings

Rope

Slings 135 deg

GENERAL

d, the

NOTE: When D i9 25 times the component rope diameter, ratio is expressed as 2511.

r/d

consult the sling manufacturer for specific data or ¡efer to the Wire Rope Sling Users Manual.

(t) Slings shall not be used at an angle of loading less than 30 deg except as recommended by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.

(¡) When a sling leg is used as a basket hitch with the lower connector (hook) attaching to the master link (upper connector), the basket hitch rating shall be limited to its single-leg rating, unless the master link is rated to accommodate that configuration. lk) Fittings shall be of a shape and size to ensure that they are properly seated in the hook, shackle, or other load handling device. 9-2.10.2 Caut¡ons to Personnel

Angl€ of Chok€, deg

Rated Capacity, % lNote (1)]

over 120

100 87

90

120

ó0 89 30 59

029

(a) All portions of the human body shall be kept from between the sling and load, and from between the sling and hook, shackle, or other load handling device. (b) Personnel should not stand in line with or next to the leg(s) of a sling thdt is under tension. (c) Personnel shall not stand or pass under a suspended load. (d) Personnel shall not ride the sli¡g. (c) Do not inspect a sling by passing bare hands over the wire rope body. Broken wi¡es, if present, may puncture the hands.

74

62 49

NOTE:

9-2.10.3 Effects of Env¡ronment

(1) Percent of sling rated capacity in a choker hitch.

(n) Slings should be sto¡ed in an area where they will not be subjected to mechanical damage, cor¡osive action,

moisture, ext¡eme tempe¡atures, or kinking (see Section 9-2.8). (b) Fiber core wi¡e ¡ope slings should not be subjected to detreasint or a solvent because of possible damage to the core. 16

Copyright O 2015 by thc An)crican socicty ofMcchanical Engincers. No reDroduction nlav be nr¡dc ol this material without writtcn consent of ASMlr.

ASME 830.9-2014

(,t) When lifting with a basket hitclL the legs of the sling should contain or suppo¡t the load from the sides, above the center of gravity, so that the load ¡emains under control. (l) Slings should not be d¡a8ged on the floor or ove¡ an ab¡asive surface. (¡¡) ln a choker hitcl¡ the choke point should only be on the sling body, not on a splice or fitting. (r) Slings should not be const¡icted, bunched, or pinched by the load, hook, or any fitting. (o) The load applied to the hook should be centered in thebase (bowl) ofthehook to prevent point loading on the hook, unless the hook is designed fo¡ point loading. (p) An object in the eye of a sling should not be wide! than one half the length of the eye nor less than the nominal sling diameter, (q) When a hand-tucked sling is us€d, the sling, load,

9-2.10.4 R¡gging Pract¡ces (a) Slings shall be shortened or adjusted only by methods approved by the sling manufacturer or a quali-

fied oe¡son. (úi Slings shall not be shortened or tengthened by knotting, twisting, or by wire rope clips. (c) The sling shall be hitched in a man¡er providing control of the load.

ld) Slings in contact with edges, comers, o¡ p¡otrusions should be protected with a material of sufficient st¡ength, thickness, and construction to prevent damage to the slint. (¿) Shock loading should be avoided. f) Loads should not be rested on the sling. (g) Slings should not be pulled f¡om u¡der a load when the load is resting on the sling(h) Twisting a¡d kinking shall be avoided. (r) During load handling activities, with or without

or load handling device shall be prevented from

load, personnel shall be alert for possible snagging. f) l{hen using multiple basket or choker hitches, the load should be rigged to prevent the sling from slipping o¡ sliding along the load.

rotating.

(r) Slings made with wire ¡ope clips shall not be us€d as a choker hitch.

17

Copyíght O 2015 by the American Sociely ofMechanical E¡rgineers. No reDroduction mav be made ofthis material witbout written consent ofASME.

?

ASME 830.9-2014

Chapter 9-3 Metal Mesh Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance

(14)

SECT|O]{

9-3.0:

NOTE: A straight-linc hitch is commonly rcferred to ¡s a vcrt¡-

SCOPE

cal hitch.

Chapter 9-3 includes provisions that apply to metal mesh slings (see Fig. 9-3.0-1). SECT|OI{

9-3.1:

SECTION

DESIGN FACTOR

The design factor for metal mesh slings shall be

TRAINING

minimum of

Metal meshslingusersshallbetrained intheselection, inspection, cautions to personnel, effects of environment, and rigging pmctices as coveÍed by this Chapter.

SECTION

a

5.

9-3.5:

RATED LOAD

(a) The sling manufacturer shall establish the sling's rated load. (ú) At a ñinimum, the rated load shall be based on

SECTION9-3.2: COMPONENTS

the following factors: (1) component strength (2) design factor (3) type of hitch (4) angle of loading (see Fig. 9-3.s'l)

9-3.2.1 Metal ,úesh The metal mesh shall be carbon steel and manufac-

tured in accordance with the specifications in Table 9-3.2.1-1.

9-3.2.2 f¡tt¡ngs (d) Fittings shall have sufficient strength to sustain 2 times the ¡ated load of the sling without visible perma-

SECTION

9-3.6:

PROOF TEST REQUIREMENTS

9-3.6.1 General (a) Prior to initial use, all new and repaired metal

nent defo¡mation. (i.r)

9-3.4:

All surfaces ofend fittings shall be cleanly finishcd

rnesh slings shall be proof tested by the sling manufac-

and sharp edges removed.

turer or a qualified person. (b) Coated slings should be proof tested prior to

9-3.2.3 Other Components Metal mesh and fittings other than those listed in

coating.

paras. 9-3.2.1 and 9-3.2.2 may be employed. When such

9-3.ó.2 Proof Load Requ¡rements The ploof load shall b€ a minimum of 2 times the

materials are employed, the slint manufacturer or a qualified person shall provide specific data regarding deviations frcm the applicable sections of this Chapter. These slings shall comply with all other requirements of this Chapter

straight-line hitch rated load.

SECTION9-3.7¡ SLING

IDENTIfICATION

9-3.7.1 ldentif¡cat¡on Requ¡rements SECT|OI{

9-3.3¡

Each sling shall be marked to show (4) name or trademark of manufacturer, or if repaired, the entity performing repairs (ü) rated load for at least one hitch type and the angle upon which it is based (c) individual sling identification (e-9., serial number)

FABRICATION AND CONFIGURATIONS

9-3.3.1 Fabricat¡on Methods of fabrication include welding or brazing.

9-3.3,2 Coat¡n$ sling components and not impair the performance of

9-3,7,2 In¡t¡al Sl¡ng ldent¡fication Sling identification shall be done by the sling

the sling.

manufacturer.

9-3.3.3 Conf¡gurat¡ons

9-3.7.3 Maintenance of Sling ldentification

SingleJcg slings uscd in straighCline, choker, and basket hitches are covered in this Chapte¿

SIing idcntification should be maintained by the user so as to be legible during the life of the sling.

Finishes and coatings shall be compatible

with the

18

No

Copyright O 20l5 by thc Amcrican Socicty ol'Mcchi¡nical Eng¡necni. be ¡rade ol this nlaterial without wriltcn conscnl of^SMts.

6

Ast'¡E 830.9-2014

F¡9.

9-3,0-1 Metal

l'úesh Sllng

#

l-

loEoEoEoE

--.L

Fabric thickn€ss

Crossrods-

t+

Spiralsweldoda or brazed to cross roos

Table

9-3.2.1-1 Fabric Construction: Metal Mesh Slings

Specificat¡on

Heavy

Nominal gpiral turns per foot mesh width Approx. spiral wire size Equ¡valent dec¡mal size Nominal cross rods per foot of fabric length Approximate s¡ze of cross rods Equivalent decimal 5ize Nominal fabric thickness

Dúty

Med¡um Duty

L¡ght Duty

4')

59

14 gage

0,135 in.

72 gage 0.105 in.

21

30

10 gage

0.080

¡n.

38

8 gage

10 gage

1,4 gage

0.162 in,

0.135 in.

0.080 in.

'/z in

% in.

há tn.

19

Copyrighl O 2015 by lhe American Socicly ofMechalical Engineers No

be made

ofthis material without w¡itten consenl ofASME E

ASMt 830.9-2014

Fig.

9-t.5-l

Angle of Loading

9-3.9.2 Initial Inspect¡on Prior to us€, each new, altered, modified, or repaired sling shall be inspected to verify compliance with the applicable provisions of this Chapter A written record of the inspection referencing the individual sling identification is required.

Direction ot appliad forc6

9-3.9,3 frequent Inspection (n) A visual inspection fordamageshall be performed each day or shift the sling is used.

(b) Slings found with conditions such as those listed

in para.9-3.9.5 shall be removed from service. Slings shall not be rehrrned to service until approved by a qualified person. (c) Written records are not ¡equired for frequent inspections.

9-3.9,4 Perlod¡c lnspect¡on (r¡) A complete inspection for damage to the slint shall be performed. Inspection shall be conducted on the entire length including welded or brazed joints and fittings. Slings found with conditionssuch as those listed in para.9-3.9.5 shall be removed from sewice. Slings shall not be returned to service until approved by a qualified person. (b) Períodic lttspection Frequency. Periodic inspection

loading

9-3.7.4 Replacement of Stlng ldent¡ftcation Replacementof the sling identification shall be considered a repair as specified in paras. 9-3.9.6(a) and (b). Additional proof testing is not required. SECT|OI{

9-3.8:

intervals shall not exceed 1 y¡. The frequency ofperiodic inspections should be based on (1) frequency of sling use (2) severity of service conditions 13) nature of load handling activities (4) experience gained on the service life of slings us€d in similar circumstances lc) Guidelines for the time intervals are (1) normal service yearly (2) severe service - monthly to quarterly (3) special service - as recommended by a qualified person

ETFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT

9-3.8.1 Temperature (n) When slings are used at tempemtures above 550'F (228'C) or below -20'F (-29'C), the slint manufacturer should be consulted. (ü) lf the sling contains any coatings that change the temperature range of the sling, the sling manufacturcr shall provide the revised temperature range.

(d) A written record of the most recent periodic inspection shall be maintained and shall include the condition of the sling.

9-3.8.2 Chem¡calty Act¡ve Enüronments The strength of metal mesh slings rnay be degraded by chemically active environments. This includes exposure to chemicals in the fo¡m of solids, liquids, gases, vapors, or fumes. The sling manufacturer or a qualified person should be consulted before slings a¡e used in chemically active environments.

9-3.9.5 Rcmovalcr¡teria A metal mesh sling shall be removed from service if any of the following conditions are present:

(a) missing or illegible sling identification

(see

Section 9-3.7) SECTION

9-3.9:

(b) broken weld or a broken brazed joint along the sling edge (c) broken wire in any part of the mesh

lf{SPECTlOl{, REMOVAI, Al{D REPAIR

9-3.9,1 General

f

ldl

reduction in wire diameter of 2570 due to abrasion to corrosion fc) lack of flexibility due to distortion of the mesh f) distortion of the choker fitting so the depth of the slot is increased by more tha¡ 10%

or

All inspections shall be performed by a designated person. Any deficienry identified shallbe examined and a determination made by a qualified person as to whether it constitutes a hazard.

l5uln due

20 No

Copyright @ 2015 by the American Sociely ofMechanical Engineers. bc madc ofthis matcrial rvilhout wriltcn co|rscrt ofASME.

.E

ASME 830.9-2014

(g) distortion of either end fitting so the width of the eye openint is decreased by more than 10% (l¡) a 15o/. reduction of the original cross-sectional area of any point around the hook opening of the cnd fitting (i) visible distortion of either end fitting out of its

Fig.

9-t.10.1-1 Angle of Choke:

Metat mesh Sl¡ngs

plane cracked end fitting (k) slings in which the spirals are locked o¡ without free articulation shall not be used ll) fittings that are pitted, corroded, cracked, bent, twisted, gouged, o¡ broken (¡r¡) other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as to the continued use of the sling

f)

9-3.9.6 Repa¡r (a) Slings shall be repaired only by the sling manufac-

turer or a qualified person. lb) A repaired sling shall be marked to identify the repairing entity pe¡ Section 9-3.7. (c) Components used for sling repair shall comply with the provisions of this Chapter ld) Cracked, broken, bent, or damaged components shall not be repaired; they shall be replaced. (e) All repairs shall comply with the proof teat requirements of Section 9-3.6. f) Modifications or alte¡ations to a sling shall conform to all repai¡ provisions of this Chapter

SECTION

9-3.10:

OPERATING PRACTICES

9-3.10.1 Sting Setect¡on (a) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be used unless inspected and accepted as usable under Section 9-3.9.

(ü) Slings having suitable characteristics for the type hitch,and environment shallbe selected i¡ accor-

of load,

dance with the ¡equirements of Sections 9-3.5 and 9-3.8. (c) The rated load of the sling shall not be exceeded. (d) When the choker hitch ratin8 is not identified on the sling, the choker hitch rating shall be 100% of the sling's straight-line hitch rating, unless other ratings are

be kept from between the sling and the load, and from between the

provided by the sling manufactu¡er or a qualified

sling and the hook, shackle, or other load handling

Pe¡son. (¿) Rated loads for ar.rgles of choke less than 120 deg shall be determined by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person (see Fi8.9-3.10.1-1).

device. (ü) Personnel should not stand in line with or next to the leg(s) of a sling that is u¡der tensron. (c) Personnel shall not stand or pass under a sus-

f)

Slings shall not be used at an angle

9-3.10.2 Cautions to Personne[ (a) All portions of the human body shall

of loading

=

pended load.

(d) Perso¡rnel shall not ride the slin8.

less than 30 deg except as recommended by the sling manufactur€r or a qualified person (see Fig.9-3.5-1).

9-t.10.3 Eff€cts of Environment

(8) Fittings shall be of a shape and size to ensure that they are properly seated in the hook, shackle, or other load handling device. (i¡) Metal mesh slings shall not be used as bridles on suspended personnel platforms.

Slings should be stored in an area where they will not be subjected to mecha¡ical damage, corrosive action,

moistu¡e, extreme temperatures, or kinking

(see

Section 9-3.8). 21

No

Copyrighl O 2015 by the Anrerican Society of l\4echanical llngineers. bc nade ofrhis marcrial without writtcn conscnt of ASMIi. E

ASf'nE

830.9.2014 6

(í) During load handling activities, with o¡ without

9:t.10.4 R¡gging Pract¡ces

load, personnel shall be alert for possible snagging. (r) In a basket hitcb the load should be balanced to prevent slippate. (k) When lifting with a basket hitch, the legs of the sling should contain or support the load f¡om the sides, above the center of gravity, so that the load ¡emains under control. (l) Slings should not be dragged on the floo¡ o¡ over an abrasive surface. (n) In a choker hitch, the choke point should only be on the sling body, not on a weld, braze, or end fitting. (r) Slings should not be constricted, bunched, o¡ pinched by the load, hook, o! any fitting. (o) In a choker hitch, the load should be bala¡ced to prevent edge overload.

(a) Slings shall be shortened or adjusted only by methods approved by the sling manufactu¡er or a qualified person.

(b) The load should be evenly distributed across the

width of the metal mesh. lc) The sling shall be hitched in a manner providing cont¡ol of the load. (d) Slings in contact with edges, comers, or protrusions should be p¡otected with a material of sufficient strength, thickness, and construction to plevent damage, (e) Shock loading should be avoided. f) Loads should not be ¡ested on the sling. (g) Slings should not be pulled from unde¡ a load when the load is resting on the sling. (i) Twisting and kinking shall be avoided.

(p) Slings used in pai¡s should be attached to

a

sDreader beam.

6

22

Copyright @ 2015 by the American Society ofMecha¡ical Engineers. No

be made

ofthis material without written consent ofASME.

ASmE 830.9-2014

(r4)

Chapter 9-4

a

Synthetic Rope Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance SECTION

9-4.0:

SCOPE

Chapter 9-4 includes provisions that apply to synthetic rope slings (see Fig. 9-4-01). SECTION

9-4.1:

TRAINING

9-4.2.3 Other Components

Synthetic rope sling users shall be trained in the selection, inspection, cautions to personnel, effects of envi-

ronment, and rigging plactices as covered by this Chapter

SECTION9-4.2:

f) When employed, hooks shall meet the requirements of ASME 830.10. (g) When employed, rigging hardware shall meet the requirements of ASME 830.26. Syñthetic ropes and fittings other than those listed in paras. 94.2.1 and 9-4.2.2 may be employed. When such components are employed, the sling manufacturer or a

qualified person shall provide specific data regarding deviations flom the applicable sections of this Chapter. These slings shall comply with all other requirements

COMPONEI{TS

9-4.2.1 Synthet¡c Ropes (a) Synthetic fiber materials covered for use in synthetic ropes are nylon and polyester Rope constructions covercdarethree-st¡and laid,eight-strandplaited,single braided, and double braided. The rope constructions shall be manufactured and tested in accordance with

one of the following applicable Cordage Institute

of this Chapter.

SECTION

9-4.3¡

FABRICATIOÍ{ AND CONFIGURATIONS

9-4.3.1 Fabr¡cation Hand splicing is the preferred method of fabricating slings. All splicesshallbe made in accordance with splic-

specifications: Rop. Type

Dcsignation

ing inst¡uctions provided by the rope manufacturer or a qualified person. In addition, the following shall be

Nylon three-slrand laid

ct

1303

Nylon eight-stran'l plaited Nylon double br¿id Polyester three-strand laid Polyester eight-strand plaited Polyester do!ble braid Polyesler single braid

ct ct

observed:

1303 1306

ct ct

1304

cl

1307

ct

1305

(a) When forming an eye in three-strand and eightstrand synthetic ropes, a hand-tucked splice with no less than four full tucks shall be used. When forming an endless sling, a short splice containing at least six full tucks, three on each side of the center of the splice shall be used. (b) Strand end tails in all tuck splices shall not be trimmed short (cut Rush with the body of the rope). In cases where the proiecting tails may be obtectionable, the tails shall be tapered and buried into the body of the rope using two addition¡l tucks. (c) Synthetic rope slings shall have a minimum undisturbed lenBth of rope of 10 times the rope diameter between the last tucks of tuck splices or between the

1304

(ü) Synthetic ropes shall be made of fibers that have been produced with an appropriate ultraviolet inhibitor.

9-4.2.2 f¡tt¡ngs Fittings should be selected to meet the following requirements:

(n) Suitability of mechanical or socketed fittings shall be verified by a qualified person. lú) The materialshallbe compatiblewith the mechan-

ical and environmental requirements imposed on the

ends of the buried tails or strands of other types of

sling.

splices.

(c) Fittings shall have sufficient strength to sustain twice the ¡ated load of the sling without visible permanent deformation. (d) All surfaces shall be cleanly finished and sharp edges removed so as not to cause damage to the rope. (e) Thimbles shall have a minimum diameter at the bearing surface of at least two times the rope diameter.

No

(d) Knots, clips, or clamps shall not be used to fabricate slings.

(e) If thimbles do not have ears to prevent rotation, they should be lashed to the rope. Thimbles should be used in the sling whenever possible, and installed in a

manner that will prevent the thimble from rotating inside the eye or falling out of the eye.

Copyright O 2015 by thc Amcrican Sooicty ofMechanical Engirrcem. be Dlade ol this nralcrial \-r¡thout writtcn consent ofASME.

F E

ASME 830.9-2014

Fig.

Eye spl¡ce

Short splice (end-for'end)

9-4.0-1

Synthet¡c F¡ber Rope sl¡ngs

n Angl6 of cnoKe

l!l U

Two-Leg Br¡dle Sling

Endless

Ey€-and-Ey6

Chokor

lwith Fittings)

GENEML NOTE: Fitt¡ngs designed for synthetic sl¡ngs should be used-

9-4.3.2 Coat¡ngs Finishes and coatints shall be compatible with the other components and not impair the performance of

(4) type of hitch

(see Fig. 94.5-1)

(5) angle of loading (see Fig. 94..12) (6) fabrication efficiency

the sling.

9-4.6:

9-4.3.3 Configurat¡ons

SECTION

(n) Single-leg slings arld twoleg, threeleg, and fourchoket and basket hitches are covered by this Chapter.

9-4.ó.1 General

leg bridle slings used in straight-line,

NOTE: A straitht-line hitch is commorly referred to

as a verti-

cal hitch.

(b) Synthetic ¡ope sling leg(s) shall be either eye-andeye or endless. SECTION

9-4.4:

DESIGN FACTOR

The design factor for synthetic rope slings shall be a

minimum of SECTION

5.

9-4.5;

RATED LOAD

(a) The sling manufactu¡er shall establislr the sling's rated load. (ú) At a minimum, the rated load shall be based on the following factorsl (1) component strength

(2) number of legs (3) design factor

NO

PROOF TEST REQUIREMENTS

(a) Prior to initial use, all synthetic fiber rope slings incorporating previously used or welded fittings a¡d all repaired slings shall be proof tested by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. ll¡) All other new synthetic fiber rope slings and fittints are not required to be proof tested unless specified by the purchaser

9-4.6.2 Proof Load Requ¡rements

(n) For single- or multiple-leg slings and endless slings, each leg shall be proof loaded to a minimum of 2 times the single-leg straighFline hitch rated load. (ú) The proof load for fittings attached to single legs shall be a minimum of 2 times the singleleg straightline hitch rated load. (c) Master links for twoJeg bridle slings shall be proof loaded to a minimum of 4 times the singleleg straightIine hitch rated load. (¡l) Master links for three-leg bridle slings shall be proof loaded to a minimum of 6 times the single-leg straight-line hitch rated load.

Copyrighl O 2015 hl thc Anrcncan lrocicty ot Mcchanicrl ljngrnccrs. may bc nlade of-lhis nlal€ria¡ wilhout writtcn conscnl ofASME.

ASME 8t0.9-2014

6

t¡t.94.5-1

Hltch Type6 for Synthetic Rope Slings FOBM OF HITCH

Str¡ight-Lin. Hitch

B¡5ket H¡tch hsv€ ident¡c.l lo.d r.tings}

Y

A

t¡¡

o

I

{Alteñ.ts!

I

¡¡¡

= o

Chokol Hitch

+

/r1l^u"".n ans'|€

6

@

+

=

f,r I ,-ll\

l1

@)

+

(a \t, V6.tical angr€

{|/-'

6

-,,

@)

+

E

The symbols below represeñt thg load or support sudaces ¡n contact with tho ropg sl¡ng. Th€ contact sulacs diameter d¡v¡ded by the rop6 diam€tor ¡s tho d€signatod D/d rat¡o a6 d€scr¡bod ¡n F¡9. 9-4.10.1-1 and ¡s bas6d on th6 D/d rat¡os indicat€d b6low.

O

a

o

Reprssents ¡ contact surface that shall havo a diamoter of curvaturo at least double th€ diametgr oftho rope from wh¡ch th6 sl¡ng ¡s mad€. Represents a contact suface that shall have a d¡amqt€r ofcurvature at least 8 t¡mes the d¡ameter ofth€ rop6. Ropresents a load ¡n choker h¡tch and ¡llustratos th6 rotary force oh ths load and/or th€ sl¡ppage ofthe ropo ¡n contact w¡th tho load. Diametor of curvaturs of load surface shall bo at least doubl€ th6 d¡amot6r of tho rooo.

Copyright O 20 t5 by the American Society o[Mechanical Engineels. No reproduction may bc made ofthis material without wrilten consent ofASME.

*

ASME 830.9-2014

tig.9-4.5-2

Angle of Load¡ng

Di16ction ol

(¿) Master links for fourleg bridleslings shallbe proof loaded to a minimum of 8 times the singleleg straightline hitch rated load.

SECTION

9-4.8:

EFTECTS

Or ENVIRONTiE T

9-4,8.1 T€mper¿tur€

SECTION9-4.7: SLING IDENTIFICATION

Polyester and nylon rope slings shall not be used in contact with obiects or at temperatures above 194"F (90"C) or bekrw -40'F (-40"C).

9-4.7.1 ldent¡ficat¡on Requirements

9-4.8.2 Chem¡calty Act¡ve Enüronments

Each sling shall be marked to show name or trademark of manufacturer, or if repaired,

The strength ofsynthetic rope slings may be degraded by chemically active environments. This includes exposure to chemicals in the form of solids, liquids, gases, vapors, or fumes. The sling manufacturer or a qualified person should be consulted before slings are used in chemically active environments.

(r)

the entity performing repairs lü) manufacturert code or stock number (c) rated load for at least one hitch type and the angle upon which it is based (d) type of fiber material (e) number of legs, if more than one

9-4.8.3 Sunlight and Ultraviolet Light The strength of synthetic rope slings is degraded by exposure to sunlightor ultraviolet light. The sling manufacturer o¡ a qualified person should be consulted for additional retirement or inspection requirements. For

9-4.7,2 Initial Sting ldent¡ficat¡on

Sling identification shall be done by the sling manufacturer

9-4.7.3

l

E

9

additional degradation information, see CI 2001-04.

a¡ntenance of Sl¡ng ldent¡f¡cation SECTION

Sling identification should be maintained by the user so as to be legible during the life of the sling.

9-4.9: lllSPEfilON,

REMOVAI, AND

REPAIR

9-4.9.1 General 9-4.7.4 Reglacement of Sllng ldent¡flcatlon

All

inspections shall be performed by a designated

person. Any deficiency identified shallbe examined and

Replacement of the slint identification shall be considcrcd a repair as specified in paras. 9-4.9.6(a) and (b).

a determination made by a qualified person as to whether it constitutes a hazard.

Additional proof testint is not required. 26

Cofryright O 2015 by rhe NO

sociery ol Mechanical Enginccrs

^nrericar mclcrial rvithout r¡rilten consent may bc madc ofthis

ol ASMli E

AS¡VIE

830.9-20r4

9-4.9.2 In¡t¡at Inspection

strands) involving damage estimated at 10% of the fiber in any strand or the rope as a whole f) discoloration, brittle fibers, and hard or stiff areas that may indicate chemical damage, ultraviolet damage, or heat damage (g) dirt and grit in the inte¡ior of the ¡ope structure that is deemed excessive (ft) foreign matter that has permeated the rope and makes it difficult to handle and may att¡act and hold grit (l) kinks o¡ disto¡tion in the rope structure, particularly if caused by forcibly pulling on loops (known as hockles) 0 melted, hard, or cha¡¡ed areas that affect more than 10% of the diameter of the rope or affect several adjacent strands along the length that affect more than 10% of strand diameters (k) poor condition of thimbles or other components manifested by corrosion, cracks, disto¡tion, sharp edges, or localized wear

Prior to use, all new, altered, modified, or repaired slings shall be inspected to verify compliance with the applicable provisions of this Chapter. Written records are not required for the initial inspection.

9-4.9.3 Frequent Inspection (a) A visual inspection for damage shall be performed each day or shift the sling is used. (b) Slings found with conditions such as those listed

in para.9-4.9.5 shall be removed from service. Slings shall not be returned to service until approved by a qualified person. (c) Written records are not required for frequent inspections.

9-4.9.4 Per¡od¡c Inspection (a) A cornplete inspection of the sling shall be performed. Inspection shall be conducted on the entire length including splices and fittin8s. Slings found with conditions such as those listed in para. 9-4.9.5 shall be removed from service. Slings shall not be returned to service until approved by a qualified person. (b) Períodic lnspection Frequeacy. Periodic inspection intervals shall not exceed 1 yr The frequency of periodic inspections should be based on (1) frequency of sling use (2) severity of service conditions (3) nature of load handling activities (4) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar circuÍistances lc) Guideli¡es for the time intervals are (1) normal service yearly (2) severe service - monthly to qua¡te¡ly (3) special service - as recommended by a qualified person (d) Documentation that the most lecent periodic inspection was performed shall be maintained. (e) Inspection reco¡ds of individual slings are not

(l) for hooks, removal crite¡ia as stated in

ASME

B3O.1O

(n|) for rigging hardware, removal c¡iteria as stated in ASME 830.26 (¡¡) other conditions including visible damage that cause doubt as to the continued use of the sling 9-4,9.6 Repa¡r (n) Slings shall be repaired only by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. (b) A repaired sling shall be marked to identify the repairing entity per Section 9-4.7. lc) Components used for sling repair shall comply with the provisions of this Chapter. (d) The ropes that make up the sling shall not be respliced or knotted to effect repair¡

(c) All repairs shall comply with the proof test requirements of Section 9-4.6.

f) Modifications o¡ alterations to a sling shall conform to all repair provisions of this Chapter.

requi¡ed.

(g) Repair of hooks shall be as specified in ASME 830.10. Repair of below-the-hook lifting devices shall be as specified in ASME 830.20. Repair of all other fittings shall be as specified by the sling manufacturer, fitting manufacturer, or a qualified person.

9-4.9.5 Removal Criter¡a A synthetic rope slinB shall be removed from service

if any of the following conditions are present: (a) missing or illegible sling identification

(see

Section 94.7)

(ú) cuts, gouges, areas of extensive fiber breakage along the length, and abraded areas on the rope (c) damage that is estimated to have ¡educed the effective diamete¡ of the rope by more than 10% (d) uniform fiber breakage along the major part of the length of the nrpe in the sling such that the entire rope appears covered with fuzz or whiskers (¿) inside the rope, fiber breakage, fused or melted

SECT|OI{

9-4.10:

OPERATING PRACTICES

9-4.10.1 Sl¡ng Setect¡on

d

(n) Slings that appea¡ to be damaged shall not be used unless inspected a¡d accepted as usable u¡der Section 94.9. (b) Slings having suitable cha¡acte¡istics for the tyPe ofload, hitch,and environment shall be selected inaccordance with the requirements of Sectiorls 94.5 a¡d 9-4.8.

fiber (observed by prying or twisting to open the 27

No

Cop),right @ 2015 by thc Anrerican Sociely ofMechanical E¡gineers. be ñadc olthis Íraterial witlnut rvritten consent ofASME-

t E

ASME 830.9-2014

(¿) The rated load of the sling shall not be exceeded. When using a multipleJeg slirg, no leg shall be loaded beyond its single-leg ¡ating. (d) When the choker hitch rating is not identified on the sling, the choke! hitch rating shall be 75'lu of the sling's straight-line hitch ¡ating unless other latings are

Table

9-4.10.1-1 Angle of Choke: Synthetic

Rope

5l¡ngs 135 deg

provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified Person. (e) Rated loads for angles of choke less than 120 deg

shall be determined by using the values in Table 9-4.10.1-1, o¡ by

consulting the sling manufacturer

or a qualified person. 60 deg

f) When D/d ratios (see Fig.9-4.10.1-1) smaller than 8/1 are necessary in the body of the sling, the ratcd load of the sling shall be decreased. Consult the sling manufactu¡er o¡ a qualified person. (,9) For multipleleg slings used with nonsymmetlical loads, an analysis by a qualified person should be performed to prcvent overloading of any leg. (ir) MnltipleJeg slings shall be selected according to the sling's rated load based on the specific angle(s) as stated on the sling's identification. The rated load for use at other angles shall be provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. (i) Slings shall not be used at an angle of loading less than 30 deg except as recommended by the sling manufacture¡ or a qualified person. (r) Fittings shall be of a shape and size to ensure that they p¡operly seat in the hook, shackle, or other load handling device. (k) When a sling leg is used as a basket hitch with the lower connector (hook) attachin8 to the master link (upper connector), the basket hitch rating shall be limited to its single-leg rating, unless the master link is ¡ated to accommodate that configuration. (l) Synthetic rope slings shall not be used to support suspended personnel platforms.

Angle of Choke, deg

Rated Capacity, "/" [Not€ (1)]

over 120

100

90

120

60 89 )o-59

9-4.10.2 Cautions to Personnel

o-29

a7 62 49

(a) All portions of the human body shall be kept from between the sling and the load, and from between the

NOTE:

sling and the hook, shackle, or other load handling

(1) Percent of sling rated capacity in a choker h¡tch.

clevrce.

(b) Pe¡sonnel should not stand in line with o¡ next to the leg(s) of a sling that is under tension. (c) Pe¡sonnel shall not stand or pass under a suspended load. (d) Personnel shall not ride the sling. (e) Synthetic rope slings shall not be used as bridles on suspended personnel platforms.

(r) Do not store nylon ropes in areas where they may become imp¡egnated with rust. (c) Slings exposed to salt water should be thoroughly rinsed with fresh water to prevent mechanical damage from salt crystals when the rope dries. (d) Slings incorpo¡ating aluminum fittin8s shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sp¡ays, mists, or liquids of alkalis or acids are present.

9-4.10.3 Effects of Env¡ronment

9-4.10.4 Rigging Pract¡ces (n) Slings shall be sho¡tened o¡ adjusted only by

(a) Slings should be storcd in an area where they will not be subjected to mechanical, chemical, o¡ ultraviolet damage or extreme temperatures (see Section 9-4.8).

methods approved by the sling manufactu¡e¡ or fied person.

a

quali-

28

No

Copyright O 2015 by lhc Amcrican Society ol Mechanical lln8inccrs. nray bc n)adc of(his n¡lcri¡l $'ilhout wrillcn co¡sent ol'^SML.

'E

ASÍúE 830.9.2014

Fig.

*4.10.1-1 D/d Retlo:. Syrthet¡c Rope

k)

Sllngs

f)

Shock loading should be avoided. Loads should not be ¡ested on the sling.

@) Slings should not be pulled f¡pm under a load when the load is ¡esting on the sling. (/¡) TWisting and kinking shall be avoided. (i) During load handling activitiet with or without load, personnel shall be alert for possible snagging. (j) When using multiple basket or choker hitches, the load should be r¡gged to pr€vent the slint from slipping or sliding along the load. (t) When lifting with a basket hitch, the legs of the slint should contain or support the load from the sides, above the center of gravity, so that the load ¡emains under control. (l) Slings should not be dragged on the floor or over an abrasive surface. ( ) In a choker hitch, the choke point should only be on the sling body, not on a splice or fiftint. (n) Slings should not be constricted, bunched, or pinched by the load, hook, or any fitting. (o) The load applied to the hook should be c€ntered in the base (bowl) of the hook to prevent point loading on the hook, unless the hook is designed for point loading. (p) An object in the eye of a sling should not be wider than one-third the length of the eye. (4) When a hand-tucked sling is used, the sling load,

NOIE: When D ¡s 8 t¡mes the comoonent @De d¡ameter d, the D/d ¡s expressed as 8/1. GENEML

(ü) Slings shall not be shortened or lengthened by knotting or twisting. (c) The sling shall be hitched in a ma¡ner providing control of the load. (d) Slings in contact with edges, corners, protrusions, or ab¡asive surfaces shall be protected with a material

or load handling device shall be prevented from

of sufficient strength, thickness, and construction to prevent damage.

rotating.

to No

Copyright O 2015 by the American Society ofMechanical Engineers. be made ofth¡s material without written consent ofASME.

ASME 830.9-2014

Chapter 9-5

(14)

Synthetic Webbing Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance SECTION

9-5.0:

(¿r) The

SCOPE

Chapter 9-5 includes provisions that apply to synthetic webbing slings (see Figs. 9-5.0-1 and 9-5.0-2).

9-5.3.2 Coat¡ngs Finishes and coatings shall be compatible with the other components and not impair the performance of

SECTION9"5.1: TRAINING

the sling.

Synthetic webbing sling users shall be trained in the selection, inspection, cautions to personnel, effects of the environment, and rigging practices as covered by this Chapter SECTION

9-5.2:

thread shall be the same yam tlpe as the sling

webbing.

9-5.3.3 Configurations (a) Single-leg slings and twoleg, threeleg, and fourleg bridle slings used i¡ straight-line, choket and basket hitches are covered by this Chapter

COMPOIIENTS

NOTE| A str¿ight-linc hitch is commonly rcfcrred

9-5.2.1 Webbing The synthetic webbing shall be manufactured and tested in accordance with WSTDA-WB-1.

to as a verti-

c¡l hitch. (¿r) Other configurations may beused. When used, the sling manufacturer or a qualified person shall provide spccific data. These slings shall comply with all other requirements of this Chapter.

9-5.2.2 lhread The thread used in the fabrication of synthetic webbing slings shall be manufactured and testcd in accordance with WSTDA-TH-1.

SECTION

9-5.4:

DESIGN FACTOR

The design factor for synthetic webbing slings shall

9-5.2.3 F¡ttings

be a minimum of 5.

(d) Fittings shall have sufficient strength to sustain two times the ¡ated load of the sling without visible permanent deformation. (ú) All su¡faces of fittings shall be cleanly finished and sharp edges removed. (c) When employed, hooks shall mect the requirements of ASME 830.10. (d) When employed, ¡igBi¡g hardwa¡e shall meet the requirements of ASME 830.26.

SECTION

9-5.5:

RATED LOAD

(d) The sling manufacturer shall establish the sling's ratcd load. (b,) At a rninimum, the ¡ated load shall be based on the following factorsi (1) component strength

(2) number of legs

(3) (4) (5) (6)

9-5.2.4 Other Components Synthetic webbings, thread, or fittings other than those listed in paras. 9-5.2.1 through 9-5.2.3 may be employed. When such materials are employed, the sling manufactu¡er or a qualified person shall provide specific data regarding deviations from the applicable sections of this Chapter. These slings shall comply with all other requirements of this Chapter

design factor

type of hitch angle of loading (see Fig. 9-5.5-1) fabrication efficiency

SECTION

9-5.6¡

PROOF TEST REQUIREMENTS

9-5.6.1 Generat (d) I'rior to initial use, all synthetic webbing slings

SECTION

9-5.3;

incorporatint previously used o¡ welded fittings and all repaired slings shall be proof tested by the sling

FABR¡CATION AND CONFIGURATIONS

manufacturer or a qualified person.

9-5.3.1 Fabrication

lú) All other new synthetic webbing slings and fit-

(d) Stitching shall be the method for fabricating syn-

tings are not required to be proof tested unless specified by thc purchascr.

thetic webbing slings. 30

Coplright O 2015 bt thc Socicty ofMcchanical Enginecrs. ^nrcrican No rcoroduction nlav bc mude of_t¡is nri¡teri¿l without written consent ol ASME.

I

AsME 830.9-2014 6

Rg.9-5.0-1 Synth€ticWebbingSl¡ngs

Sl¡ng mad€ with a triangl€ l¡tting on on6 end and a slottod triang16 chok€r fitting on the othor end. lt can b9 used in a stra¡ghtl¡ne, basket, or choker h¡tch.

Typ.

I

ffi Sl¡ng msde w¡th a triangl€ f¡tting on both ends. lt can be used ¡n a stra¡ght-l¡ne or baskot hitch only. Typo

ll

H Sling made w¡th a llat loop 6y6 on each end w¡th Ioop eye open¡ng on same plane as sl¡ng body. fhis type of sling ¡s sometimés call€d a flat eye-and-eye, eye-and-eye, or doubl€-eye sl¡ng. Typo

z (-:z/

lll

z---ZZZi---------

E===

\---.-.--/----------./

=-===

--:)

Sl¡ng made with both loop eyes form€d as ¡n Type lll, €xcept that the loop 6yes are turn€d to form a loop eye that ¡s at a right añgle to the plaño of tho sliñg body. Th¡s type of sling ¡s commonly reforred to as a tw¡sted-eve sl¡no.

-

Typ. lV

-Endless sling, som€t¡mes r€forred to as a grommet. lt is a continuous loop form€d by joinlng th€ ends of th€ w€bb¡ng tog€thsr.

Typo V

Return-€yo (reversed-€y€) sling ¡s form€d by using mult¡pl€ w¡dths of w6bbing held 6dgs-to-€dgs. A wsar pad is attached on ono or both sides ol th€ sling body and on on6 or both sid6s of th€ loop ey€s to form a loop €y6 at each €nd which ¡s at a r¡ght ang16 to th€ plane of th€ sling body.

fype Vl

31

Copyright @ 2015 by the Am€rican Society ofMechanical lnginecrs. No reDroduction n1av bc madc ofthis matcrial withoul written consent ofASME.

.o

,

AsIriE 8t0.9.20¡4

Rg.

95.0-2

Syntñeüc Wbbblng Sllng llomencLt¡rc Load-

f-Bodv-l

Flg.

95.5-1

Angls oÍ Lo¡dlng

Dlr€ctlor of

32 Copyright O 2015 by orc Ame¡ic¡¡r Socieg ofMechanical Engineers. No

be made

ofthis material wilhout *rit¡en c¡ns€nr ofASME,

AsME 830.9-2014

9-5.ó.2 Proof Load Requ¡rements

(a) For sintle- or multiple-leg slings and endless slings, each leg shall be proof loaded to 2 times the sintle-leg st¡aightline hitch rated load. (ü) The proof load for fittings attached to single legs shall be a minimum of 2 times the singleleg straightline hitch rated load. (c) Master links for twoJeg bridle slings shall be proof loaded to a minimum of 4 times the singleleg straightline hitch rated load. (d) Master links for three-leg bridle slings shall be proof loaded to a minimum of 6 times the singleleg straight-line hitch rated load. (¿) Master links fo¡ four-leg bridle slings shall be proof loaded to a minimum of 8 times the sin8Ie-leg straightline hitch rated load. SECTION

9-5.7¡ SIING IDENTIFICATIOI{

9-5.7.1 ldentification Requ¡rements Each sling shall be marked to show (n) name or trademark of manufacturer, or if repaired, the entity performint repairs (b) manufacturer's code or stock number (c) rated load for at least one hitch type and the angle upon which it is based (d) type of synthetic web material (c) number of legs, if more than one

9-5.7.2 In¡tlal St¡ng ldentification

Sling identification shall be done by the sling manufacturer.

Sling identification should be maintained by the user so as to be legible during the life of the sling.

9-5.7.4 Replacement of sl¡ng ldentlf¡cation Replacement of the sling identification shall be considered a repair as specified in paras. 9-5.9.6(a) and (b). Additional proof testing is not required.

9-5.8:

manufacturer or a qualified person should be consulted for additional retirement or inspection requirements. For additional degradation information, see WSTDA-UVSling.

SECT|O

9-5.9:

INSPECTION, REMOVAL, Al{D REPAIR

9-5.9.1 General

All

inspections shall be performed by a designated

person. Any deficiency identified shallbeexamined and

a determination made by a qualified person as to whether it constitutes a hazard.

9-5.9.2 Initial Inspection Prior to use, all new, altered, modified, or repaired slings shall be inspected to verify compliance with the applicable provisions of this Chapter Written records are not required for initial inspection.

9-5.9.3 Frequent Inspect¡on (a) A visual inspection for damage shall be performed each day or shift the sling is used. (ü) Slings found with conditions such as those listed in para. 9-5.9.5 shall be removed from service. Slings shall not be returned to service until approved by a qualified person. (c) Written records are not required for frequent inspections.

9-5.7.3 ftlaintenance of Sling ldent¡ñcation

SECTION

9-5.8.3 sunl¡ght and Ultrav¡olet Llght The strentth of synthetic webbing slings is degraded by exposure to sunlitht or ultraviolet light. The sling

EFTECTS OF EI{VIRONMENT

9-5.8,1 Temperature Polyester and nylon webbing slings shall not be used

in contact with an obiect or at temperatures in of 194'F (90'C) or below -40'F (-40'C).

excess

9-5.8.2 Chemically Act¡ve Enüronments The strentth of synthetic webbing slings may be degraded by chemically active environments. This includes exposure to chemicals in the form of solids, liquids, gases, vapors, or fumes. The sling manufacturer or qualified person should be consulted before slings are used in chemically active environments.

NO

9-5.9.4 Per¡odic Inspection (a) A complete inspection of the sling shall be per-

fo¡med. Inspection shall be conducted on the entire length including splices and fittings, Slints found with conditions such as those listed in oara. 9-5.9.5 shall be removed from service. Slings shaú not be returned to service until approved by a qualified person. (b) Periodic Inspectíon Frcquency. Periodic inspection intervals shall not exceed I yr The frequency of periodic inspections should be based on (1) frequency of sling use (2) severity of service conditions (3) nature of load handling activities (4) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar circumstances (c) Guidelines for the time intervals are (1) normal service yearly (2) severe service - monthly to quarterly (3) special service - as recommended by a qualified person

(d) Documentation that the most recent periodic

inspection was performed shall be maintained.

Copyright O 2015 by the Amcrican Socicty ofMechanical Enginccrs. be made ofrhis ñarerial wilhoul rvriÍen conscnt ofASMlr. E

*

A5ME 830.9-2014

6

(¿) Inspection records of individual slings are not

(b) Slings having suitable characteristics for the type ofload, h¡tch,and environment shall be selected in accor-

required.

dance with the requirements of Sections 9-5.5 and 9-5.8. (c) The rated load of the sling shall not be exceeded. When using a multiplelet slin& no leg shall be loaded

9-5.9.5 Remo\r¿l Cr¡ter¡a A synthetic webbing sling shall be removed from se¡vice if any of the following conditions are present:

(n) missing or illegible sling identification

beyond its single-leg rating. (d) When the choker hitch rating is not identified on the sling, the choker hitch rating shall be 80% of the slingt straightline hitch rating, unless other ratings are provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified

(see

Section 9-5.7)

(r) acid or caustic burns lc) melting or charring of any pa¡t of the slint (d) holes, tears, cuts, or snags l¿) broken or worn stitching in load-bearing splices

f)

Person.

(c) Rated loads for angles of choke less than 120 deg

shall be determined by using the values in

excessive abrasive wear

Table 9-5.10.1-1, or by consulting the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. For multipleJeg slings used with nonsymmetrical loads, an analysis by a qualified person should be performed to prevent overloading of any leg. (g) Multiple-leg slings shall be selected according to

(g) knots in any part of the sling ll¡) discoloration and b¡ittle or stiff a¡eas on anv Dart of the sling, which may mean chemical or ultraviolet/ sunlight damage (i) fittings that are pitted, corroded, cracked, bent, twisted, touted, or broken

f)

the sling's rated load based on the specific angle(s) as stated on the sling's identification. The rated load for use at other angles shall be provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. (l) Slings shall not be used at an angle of loading less than 30 deg except as recommended by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. (i) When a sling leg is used as a basket hitch with the lower connector (hook) attaching to the master link (upper connector), the basket hitch rating shall be limited to its single-leg rating, unless the master link is Iated to accommodate that configuratlon. 0 Fittings shall be of a shape and size to ensure that they properly seat in the hook, shackle, or other load handling device. (k) Synthetic webbing slings shall not be used to support suspended personnel platforms.

(j) for hooks, removal criteria as stated in

ASME B3O.1O (k) for rigging hardware, removal criteria as stated in ASME 830.26 (/) other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as to the continued use of the sling

9-5.9,6 Repair ln) Slings shall be repaired only by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. (l') A repair€d sling shall be marked to identify the repairing entity per Section 9-5.7. (c) Components used for sling repai¡ shall comply with the provisions of this Chapter (d) The¡e shall be no repairs to a load-bearing splice. (e) Webbing material meeting the removal crite¡ia in para. 9-5.9.5 shall not be ¡epaired, but may be replaced only if approved by a sling manufacturer or a qualified

9-5.10,2 Cautlons to Personnel (4) All portions of the human body shall

be kept from between the sling and the load, and from between the

Person.

(t Repair of hooks shall be as specified ¡n ASME 830.10. Repair of below-the-hook lifting devices shall be as specified in ASME 830.20. Repair of all other fittings shall be as specified by the sling manufacturer, fitting manufacturet or a qualified person.

sling and the hook, shackle, or other load handling device.

lb) Personnel should not stand in line with or next to the leg(s) of a sling that is under tensron. (c) Personnel shall not stand or pass under a suspended load. ld) Personnel shall not ride the sling.

(g) All repairs shall comply with the proof test requirements of Section 9-5.6.

(l¡) Modifications or alterations to a sling shall confo¡m to all repair provisions of this Chapter

9-5.10.3 Effects of Env¡ronment (¡1.)

9-5.10:

Slings should be stored in an area where they

will

(.¡) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be used unless inspected and accepted as usable under

not be subjected to mechanical, chemical, or ultraviolet damage or ext¡eme temperatures (see Section 9-5.8). (b) When extensive exposu¡e to sunlight or ultraviolet light is experienced by nylon or polyester webbing slings, the slin8 manufacturer should be consulted for

Section 9-5.9.

recommended insDection Drocedure

SECTION

OPERATING PRACTICES

9-5.10.1 5l¡ng Selectlon

d

34 Copyrighr @ 2015 by thc Amcrican Socicty ofMcchanical Lnginccrs. No reoroduction mav be made ofthis matcrial rvilhoul wri cn conscnt of ASt\48. E

ASME 830.9-2014

(c) Slings incorporating aluminum fittings shall not

Table

9-5.10.1-1 Angle of Choke: Synthetic

be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists, or liquids

Webblng Sllngs

of alkalis or acids are plesent. 12o deg

9-5.10.4 Rigging Pract¡ces (n) Slings shall be shortened or adjusted only by methods approved by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.

(b) Slings shall not be sho¡tened or lengthened by knotting or twistin8. (c) The sling shall be hitched in a manner providing control of the load. (d) Slings in contact with ed8es, corners, protrusions, or abrasive surfaces shall be protected with a mate¡ial ofsufficient strength, thickness, and construction to pre-

60 deg

vent damate. (e) Shock Ioading should be avoided. f) Loads should not be rested on the slint. (g) Slings should not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling. (/r) Twisting shall be avoided.

(i) During load handling activities, with or without load, personnel shall be alert for possible snagging. (7) When using multiple basket or choker hitches, the load should be rigged to prevent the sling from slipping or sliding along the load. (k) When lifting with a basket hitch, the legs of the sling should contain or support the load from the sides, above the center of gravity, so that the load remains under control. (l) Slings should not be dratted on the floor or ove¡ an abrasive su¡face. (Í¡) In a choker hitch, the choke point should only be on the sling body, not on a load-bearing splice or fitting. (rr) Slings should not be constricted, bunched, or pinched by the load, hook, or any fitting. (o) The load applied to the hook should be centered in thebase (bowl) of the hook topreventpoint loadingon the hook, unless the hook is designed for point loading. (p) An object in the eye of a sling should not be wider than one-third the length of the eye.

Angte of choke, deg

Rat€d Capac¡ty, % lNote (1)]

over 120

100

90-120 60-89

87

to-s9

62 49

o-29

ó

74

NOTE:

(l)

Percent of sl¡ng rated capaa¡ty ¡n a choker h¡tch.

Copyright O 2015 by rhe American Society ofMechanical lrngineers. No rcnroduction mav be madc oflhis malsrial without writtcn consent ofASME. E

AS¡llE 830.9-20r4

(14)

Chapter 9-6 Polyester Roundslings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance SECTION

9-ó.0:

9-6.3.2 Thread

SCOPE

The thread used to secure the cover in the fabrication

Chapter 9-6 includes provisions that apply to polyester roundslings (see Fig. 9-6.0-1). SECTION

9-6.1:

ofpolyester roundslings shall be polyester thread manufactured and tested in accordance with WSTDA-THI.

TRAINING

9-ó,3.t Coat¡ngs

Polyester roundsling users shall be trained in the selection, inspection, cautions to persormel, effects of environment, and rigging practices as covered by this Chapter

Finishes and coatings shall be compatible with the other components and not impair the performance of the sling.

9-6,3.4 Conñgurat¡ons (n) Singleleg slings and two-leg, threeleg, and fourleg bridle slings used in straight-line, choket and basket hitches are cover€d by this Chapter.

SECTION9-6.2: COMPOI{ENTS 9-6.2.7 Corc Core yarn(s) shall be of polyester fiber and manufactured and tested according to WSTDA-RS-I.

NOTE: A straight-line hitch is commonly rofcrred to

I,{OTE: Sr! Section 9{.3 concr'rning covc'rs and thread.

lD) Other configurations may be used. When used, the

(n) Fittings shall have sufficient strength to sustain twice the rated load of the sling without visible permanent deformation. (b) All surfaces of fittings shall be cleanly finished and sharp edges removed(c) When employed, hooks shall me€t the requirements of ASME 830.10. (d) When employed, rigging hardware shall meet the requirements of ASME B30.26.

SECTION

9-6.4:

DEslGl{ FACTOR

The design factor for roundslings shall be a minimum

or J. SECTION

9-6.5:

RATED IOAD

(o) The sling manufacturer shall establish the sling's rated load. (D) At a minimum, the rated load shall be bas€d on

9-ó.2.3 Other Components Core yarns or fittin8s other than those listed in paras. 9-6.2.7 and,94.2.2 may be employed. When the core and

the following factors: (1) component strength

cover are of different materials, the thread should be of the same material as the co¡e. When other comDonents are employed, the sling manufacturer or a qualified person shall provide specific data regarding deviations from the applicable sections of this Chapter These slings shall

(2) number of legs (3) design factor (4) type of hitch (5) angle of loading (see Fig.9-6.5-1) (6) fabrication efficiency

comply with all other requirements of this Chapter

9-6.3r

verti-

sling manufacturer or a qualified person shall provide specific data. These slings shall comply with all other requirements of this Chapter

9-6.2.2 t¡ttings

SECTION

as a

cal hitch.

FABRICATION AND CONFIGURATIONS

SECTION

9-6.6:

PROOF TEST REQUIREMENTS

9-6.3.1 Fabr¡cation

9-6.6.1 Gener¿l

Polyester roundslings shall be fabricated from core yarns wound to8ether with multiple turns and enclosed

porating previously used or welded fittings and all

(a) Prior to initial use. all polyester roundslings incor-

in p¡otective cover(s). Covers shall be made from syn-

repaired slings shall be proof tested by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.

thetic material. 36 Copyrighr No

O

20

t5 by the Anrcncan Society ot Mechcnical I:ngineers. bc [)ade oflhis rna¡erial $l¡hout $rittcn conscnt of

^Sl\y't.

.E

ASME 830.9-2014

Fig.

9-6.0-1

Potyester Roundsl¡ng Types

Endless

,H Eye-.nd-Eye

lwith Coverl

--

Two.Leg Bridle Sl¡ng

NO

Copyrighl @ 20l5 by thc Amcrican Socicty ofMcchanical Enginccrs. be made ofrhis material without rvritte consentofASMI:.

ASME 830,9-2014

F¡9.

9-6.5-1 Angte of Load¡ng

Dir6clion ol

Plans perpendicular

D¡rect¡on of

áoolied fo.ce loading

(b) All other polyester roundslings and fittings are not required to be proof tested unless specified by the

9-ó.7.2 Initial Sling ldent¡f¡cat¡on Sling identification shall be done by the sling

purchaser

manufacturer.

9-6.6.2 Proof Load Requ¡rements (n) For single- or multiple-leg slings and endless slings, each leg shall be proof loaded to a minimum of

9-6.7.3 Maintenance of Sl¡ng ldentification Sling identification should be maintained by the user so as to be legible during the life of the sling.

2 times the single-leg straight-line hitch rated load. (ú) The proof load fo¡ fittings attached to sinSle legs shall be a minimum of 2 times the singleleg straight-

9-6.7.4 Replacement of Sling ldent¡fication Replacement of the sling identific¡tion shall be considered a repair as specified in paras. 9-6.9.6(a) a¡d (b). Additional proof testing is not required.

line hitch rated load. (c) Master links for twoJeg bridleslings shallbe proof loaded to a minimum of 4 times the single-leg straightline hitch iated load.

SECTION

(d) Master links for threeleg bridle slings shall be proof loaded to a minimum of 6 times the singleJeg straight-line hitch rated load. (¿) Master links for four-leg bridle slings shall be proof loaded to a minimum of 8 times the line hitch ¡ated load. SECTION

9-ó.7:

9-6.8:

EÍFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT

9-6.8.1 Temperature Polyester roundslings shall not be used in contactwith objects or at temperatures above 194'F (90'C) or below

-40"F (-40'C).

sintlelet straight-

9-6.8.2 Chemicalty Active Env¡ronments

The strength of polyester roundslings may be degraded by chemically active envi¡onments. This includes exposure to chemicals in the form of solids,

StlNG IDENTIFICATION

9-6.7.1 ldent¡fication Requ¡rements

liquids, gases, vapors, o¡ fumes. The sling manufacture¡ or qualified person should be consr-¡lted before slings

Each s)ing shall be marked to show (4) name or trademark of manufacturer, or if repaired,

are used in chernically active environments.

the e¡tity performing repairs (ü) manufacturer's code or stock number (c) rated load for at least one hitch type and the angle upon which it is based

SECTION

9-ó.9:

INSPECTION, REMOVAL, AND REPAIR

9-6.9.1 Generat

(d) core material (e) cover mate¡ial, if different from core material f) number of legs, if more than one

All

inspections shall be performed by a designated

person. Anv deficiencv identified shall be examined and 38

Copyrighf O 2015 by thc Socicty ol Mechanical Engineers. ^mcriorn No reoroductio¡r nrav be Drade ol this ¡ralerial wid)out written consent of ASMfl.

ASME 830.9-2014

a determination made by a qualified person as to whether it constitutes a hazard.

(,9) knots in the roundsling, except for core yarns inside the cover (r) fittings that are pitted, corroded, cracked, bent, twisted, gouged, or broken

9-6.9.2 In¡t¡atlnspect¡on

(i) for hooks, removal criteria as stated in

P¡ior to use, all new, altered, modified, or repaired slings shall be inspccted to verify compliance with the

ASME B3O.IO (7) for rigging hardwa¡e, ¡emoval criteria as stated in ASME 830,26 (k) othe¡ conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as to the continued use of the sling

applicable provisions of this Chapter Written records are not required for initial inspections.

9-6.9.3 Frequent Inspect¡on (a) A visual inspection for damage shall be performed each day o¡ shift the sling is used. (ü) Slings found with conditions such as those listed

9-6.9.6 Repair (a) Slings shallbe repaired only by the sling mantrfacturer or a qualified person. (b) A repaired sling shall be marked to identify the repairing erltity pe¡ Section 9-6.7. (c) Components used for sling repair shall comply with the p¡ovisions of this Chapter

in para.9-6.9.5 shall be removed from service. Slings shall not be retu¡ned to service until approved by a qualified person. lc) Written records are not required for frequeñt inspections.

(d) Repair of hooks shall be as specified in ASME 830.10. Repair of below-the-hook lifti¡g devices shall be as specified in ASME 830.20. Repair of all other fittings shall be as specified by the sling manufacturer, fitting manufacturer, or a qualified person.

9-6.9.4 Period¡c Inspect¡on (a) A complete inspection of the sling shall be performed. lnspection shall be conducted on the entire length including fittings. Slings found with conditions such as those listed in para.9-6.9.5 shall be removed from service. Slings shall not be retumed to service until

(e) All repairs shall comply with the proof test requirements of Section 9-6.6.

(, Modifications or alterations to a sling shall conform to all repair provisions of this Chapter. (il) There shall be no repairs to co¡e yarns.

approved by a qualified person. (b) Períodíc ltspect¡on Frequercy. Periodic inspection intervals shall not exceed 1 yr The frequency of periodic inspections should be based on (1) frequency of sling use (2) severity of service conditions (3) nature of load handling activities (4) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar circumstances (c) Cuidelines for the time intervals are (1) no¡mal service yearly (2) severe service - monthly to quarterly (3) special service - as recommended by a quali-

fied person

SECTION

OPERATING PRACTICES

9-6.10.1 Sling Selection (.¡) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be used unless inspected and accepted as usable under Section 9-6.9. (ú) Slings having suitable cha¡acteristics for the type of load, hitch, and envi¡onment shall be selected inaccordance with the requirements of Sections 9{.5 and 9-6.8. (c) The ¡ated load of the sling shall not be exceeded. When using a multipleJeg sling, no leg shall be loaded

-

(d) Documentation that the most recent periodic

beyond its singleJeg rating. ld) When the choker hitch rating is not identified on the sling, the choker hitch rating shall be 80% of the sling's straight-line hitch ¡ating, unless other ratings are provided by the sling manufacturer or a qualified

inspection was performed shall be maintained.

(e) lnspection reco¡ds of individual slings are not required.

9-6.9.5 Removal Cr¡teria

person. (r) Rated loads for angles of choke less tharr 120 deg

A polyester roundsling shall be removed frc¡m service if any of the following conditions are present:

(o) missing or illegible sling identification

9-6.10¡

shall be determined by using the values in

(see

Table 9-6.10.1-1 o¡ by consulting the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. For multiple-leg slings used with non.symmetrical loads, an analysis by a qualified person should be performed to prevent overloading of any leg. (,rl) Multiple¡eg slings shall be selected according to

Section 9-6.7)

(,

(b) acid or caustic bu¡ns (c) evidence of heat damage

(d) holes, tears, cuts, abrasive wear, or snags that expose the core yarns (r:) broken or damaged core yams weld splatter that exposes core yarns

the sling's ¡ated load based on the specific angle(s) as stated on the sline! identification. The ¡ated load fo¡

f)

39

Copyrighl O 2015 by rhc Anroric¿n Socicty ol Mechanical Dngineers. No reDroduclion mav bc madc ol_this nralcrial wilhoul lvriltcn conscnt ofASMIi.

I

ASME 830.r-2014

Table

9-6.10,1-1 Angle of Choke: Polyester Roundslings 120 deg

Angle of Choke,

dct

'l35 dog

Rated Capac¡ty, %

[

ote (1)l

100 87 74 62 49

Over 120

90-120 60-89 30-59 0-29

NOIEI (1) Percent of sling rated capac¡ty ¡n a choker h¡tch.

40

No

Copyright O 2015 by the American Society ofMechanical Engineers. be made ofthis ñaterial wiúout writlen consent ofASME.

ASME 830.9-2014

d

(ü) Slings incorporating aluminum fittings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists, or liquids of alkalis or acids are present.

provided by the s¡ing manufacturer or a qualified person. (/r) Slings shall not be used at an angle of loading less than 30 deg except as recorrunended by the sling manufacturer o¡ a qualified person. (i) When a sling leg is used as a basket hitch with the lower con¡ector (hook) attaching to the master link (upper connector), the basket hitch rating shall be limited to its single-leg rating, unless the master link is rated to accommodate that configuration. f) Fittings shall be of a shape and size to ensure that they are p¡ope¡ly seated in the hook, shackle, or other load handling device. lk) The rated load of a polyester roundsling may need to be reduced depending on the shape and size of an attached fittint or other load handling device. Consult use at other angles shall be

9-6.10.4 Rigg¡ng Pract¡ces (a) Slings shall be shortened or adjusted only by methods approved by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person. (ú) Slings shall not be shortened or lengthened by

Lñóttins ñr twi